我正在用Python编写一个包。我使用virtualenv。我在virtualenv的.pth路径中设置了模块的根路径,这样我就可以在开发代码和测试时导入包的模块(问题1:这是一种好方法吗?)这很好(这是一个例子,这是我想要的行为):
(VEnvTestRc) zz@zz:~/Desktop/GitFolders/rc$ python
Python 2.7.12 (default, Jul 1 2016, 15:12:24)
[GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> from rc import ns
>>> exit()
(VEnvTestRc) zz@zz:~/Desktop/GitFolders/rc$ python tests/test_ns.py
issued command: echo hello
command output: hello
但是,如果我尝试使用PyTest,我会得到一些导入错误消息:
(VEnvTestRc) zz@zz:~/Desktop/GitFolders/rc$ pytest
=========================================== test session starts ============================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.12, pytest-3.0.5, py-1.4.31, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: /home/zz/Desktop/GitFolders/rc, inifile:
collected 0 items / 1 errors
================================================== ERRORS ==================================================
________________________________ ERROR collecting tests/test_ns.py ________________________________
ImportError while importing test module '/home/zz/Desktop/GitFolders/rc/tests/test_ns.py'.
Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.
Traceback:
tests/test_ns.py:2: in <module>
from rc import ns
E ImportError: cannot import name ns
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 errors during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
========================================= 1 error in 0.09 seconds ==========================================
(VEnvTestRc) zz@zz:~/Desktop/GitFolders/rc$ which pytest
/home/zz/Desktop/VirtualEnvs/VEnvTestRc/bin/pytest
我有点困惑,这似乎表明一个导入错误,但Python做得很好,为什么有一个问题,特别是与PyTest?对原因/补救(问题2)有什么建议吗?我在谷歌上搜索了PyTest的“ImportError: cannot import”错误,但我得到的点击率与丢失的python路径和补救措施有关,这似乎不是这里的问题。有什么建议吗?
保持一切不变,只是在根文件夹中添加了一个空白的测试文件。解决了这个问题
以下是调查结果,这个问题确实困扰了我一段时间。
文件夹结构是
mathapp/
- server.py
- configuration.py
- __init__.py
- static/
- home.html
tests/
- functional
- test_errors.py
- unit
- test_add.py
和pytest会抱怨ModuleNotFoundError,并给出提示:
确保你的测试模块/包有有效的Python名称。
我介绍了一个与mathsapp和tests目录相同级别的模拟测试文件。文件里什么也没有。现在pytest没有抱怨了。
不包含文件的结果
$ pytest
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\mak2006\workspace\0github\python-rest-app-cont
collected 1 item / 1 error
=================================== ERRORS ====================================
_______________ ERROR collecting tests/functional/test_func.py ________________
ImportError while importing test module 'C:\mainak\workspace\0github\python-rest-app-cont\tests\functional\test_func.py'.
Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.
Traceback:
tests\functional\test_func.py:4: in <module>
from mathapp.service import sum
E ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mathapp'
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
ERROR tests/functional/test_func.py
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
============================== 1 error in 0.24s ===============================
文件的结果
$ pytest
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\mak2006\workspace\0github\python-rest-app-cont
collected 2 items
tests\functional\test_func.py . [ 50%]
tests\unit\test_unit.py . [100%]
============================== 2 passed in 0.11s ==============================
我的观点是:如果不使用虚拟环境,pytest可能会失败。有时它会起作用,有时则不会。
因此,解决方案是:
使用PIP卸载删除pytest
创建你的venv
激活你的venv
PIP在可编辑模式下安装项目路径,因此pytest将它视为一个模块(否则,pytest不会找到您的内部导入)。为此,您需要一个setup.py文件
安装包,包括pytest
最后,运行测试
代码,使用windows PowerShell:
pip uninstall pytest
python.exe -m venv my_env
.\my_env\Scripts\activate
(my_env) pip install -e .
(my_env) pip install pytest pytest-html pandas numpy
最后
(my_env) pytest --html="my_testing_report.html"
一个setup.py的例子,用于pip install -e:
import setuptools
setuptools.setup(
name='my_package',
version='devel',
author='erickfis',
author_email='erickfis@gmail.com',
description='My package',
long_description='My gooood package',
packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
classifiers=[
'Programming Language :: Python :: 3',
'Operating System :: OS Independent',
],
include_package_data=True
)
保持一切不变,只是在根文件夹中添加了一个空白的测试文件。解决了这个问题
以下是调查结果,这个问题确实困扰了我一段时间。
文件夹结构是
mathapp/
- server.py
- configuration.py
- __init__.py
- static/
- home.html
tests/
- functional
- test_errors.py
- unit
- test_add.py
和pytest会抱怨ModuleNotFoundError,并给出提示:
确保你的测试模块/包有有效的Python名称。
我介绍了一个与mathsapp和tests目录相同级别的模拟测试文件。文件里什么也没有。现在pytest没有抱怨了。
不包含文件的结果
$ pytest
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\mak2006\workspace\0github\python-rest-app-cont
collected 1 item / 1 error
=================================== ERRORS ====================================
_______________ ERROR collecting tests/functional/test_func.py ________________
ImportError while importing test module 'C:\mainak\workspace\0github\python-rest-app-cont\tests\functional\test_func.py'.
Hint: make sure your test modules/packages have valid Python names.
Traceback:
tests\functional\test_func.py:4: in <module>
from mathapp.service import sum
E ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'mathapp'
=========================== short test summary info ===========================
ERROR tests/functional/test_func.py
!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Interrupted: 1 error during collection !!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
============================== 1 error in 0.24s ===============================
文件的结果
$ pytest
============================= test session starts =============================
platform win32 -- Python 3.8.2, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: C:\mak2006\workspace\0github\python-rest-app-cont
collected 2 items
tests\functional\test_func.py . [ 50%]
tests\unit\test_unit.py . [100%]
============================== 2 passed in 0.11s ==============================