这里有一个简单的解决方法:

git rebase -i HEAD~x

其中x是提交的数量。

在提交之前输入drop:

就这样，完成了。如果您删除的提交已经在远程上，则必须强制push。因为——force被认为是有害的，所以使用git push——force-with-lease。

所以你做了一些工作并推动了它，我们称之为提交A和b。你的同事也做了一些工作，提交C和d。你将你同事的工作合并到你的工作中(合并提交E)，然后继续工作，也提交了(提交F)，然后发现你的同事修改了一些他不应该修改的东西。

你的提交历史是这样的:

A -- B -- C -- D -- D' -- E -- F

你真的想摆脱C D D'既然你说你将同事的工作合并到你的工作中，这些提交已经“存在”了，所以使用git rebase等方法删除这些提交是不可以的。相信我，我试过了。

现在，我看到了两条出路:

if you haven't pushed E and F to your coworker or anyone else (typically your "origin" server) yet, you could still remove those from the history for the time being. This is your work that you want to save. This can be done with a git reset D' (replace D' with the actual commit hash that you can obtain from a git log At this point, commits E and F are gone and the changes are uncommitted changes in your local workspace again. At this point I would move them to a branch or turn them into a patch and save it for later. Now, revert your coworker's work, either automatically with a git revert or manually. When you've done that, replay your work on top of that. You may have merge conflicts, but at least they'll be in the code you wrote, instead of your coworker's code. If you've already pushed the work you did after your coworker's commits, you can still try and get a "reverse patch" either manually or using git revert, but since your work is "in the way", so to speak you'll probably get more merge conflicts and more confusing ones. Looks like that's what you ended up in...

从这里的其他答案，我有点困惑如何git rebase -i可以用来删除一个提交，所以我希望它可以在这里记下我的测试用例(非常类似于OP)。

下面是一个bash脚本，你可以粘贴在/tmp文件夹中创建一个测试存储库:

set -x

rm -rf /tmp/myrepo*
cd /tmp

mkdir myrepo_git
cd myrepo_git
git init
git config user.name me
git config user.email me@myself.com

mkdir folder
echo aaaa >> folder/file.txt
git add folder/file.txt
git commit -m "1st git commit"

echo bbbb >> folder/file.txt
git add folder/file.txt
git commit -m "2nd git commit"

echo cccc >> folder/file.txt
git add folder/file.txt
git commit -m "3rd git commit"

echo dddd >> folder/file.txt
git add folder/file.txt
git commit -m "4th git commit"

echo eeee >> folder/file.txt
git add folder/file.txt
git commit -m "5th git commit"

现在，我们有了一个包含以下内容的file.txt文件:

aaaa
bbbb
cccc
dddd
eeee

此时，HEAD是第5次提交，HEAD~1是第4次提交，HEAD~4是第1次提交(因此HEAD~5不存在)。假设我们想要删除第三次提交——我们可以在myrepo_git目录下发出这个命令:

git rebase -i HEAD~4

(注意git rebase -i HEAD~5的结果是“fatal:需要一次修订;上游HEAD~5”无效。)一个文本编辑器(参见@Dennis回答中的截图)将打开以下内容:

pick 5978582 2nd git commit
pick 448c212 3rd git commit
pick b50213c 4th git commit
pick a9c8fa1 5th git commit

# Rebase b916e7f..a9c8fa1 onto b916e7f
# ...

所以我们得到了所有的提交，因为(但不包括)我们所请求的HEAD~4。删除行pick 448c212第三次git提交并保存文件;你会从git rebase中得到这样的响应:

error: could not apply b50213c... 4th git commit

When you have resolved this problem run "git rebase --continue".
If you would prefer to skip this patch, instead run "git rebase --skip".
To check out the original branch and stop rebasing run "git rebase --abort".
Could not apply b50213c... 4th git commit

此时，在文本编辑器中打开myrepo_git/folder/file.txt;你会看到它被修改了:

aaaa
bbbb
<<<<<<< HEAD
=======
cccc
dddd
>>>>>>> b50213c... 4th git commit

基本上，git看到当HEAD第二次提交时，有aaaa + bbbb的内容;然后它有一个补丁添加的cccc+dddd，它不知道如何附加到现有的内容。

所以这里git不能为你决定——你必须做出决定:通过删除第三次提交，你要么保留它所带来的更改(这里是cccc行)——要么不保留。如果你不这样做，只需删除额外的行-包括cccc -在文件夹/file.txt使用文本编辑器，所以它看起来像这样:

aaaa
bbbb
dddd

．.． 然后保存文件夹/file.txt。现在你可以在myrepo_git目录下执行以下命令:

$ nano folder/file.txt  # text editor - edit, save
$ git rebase --continue
folder/file.txt: needs merge
You must edit all merge conflicts and then
mark them as resolved using git add

啊-所以为了标记我们已经解决了冲突，我们必须在git rebase——continue之前添加文件夹/file.txt:

$ git add folder/file.txt
$ git rebase --continue

这里再次打开文本编辑器，显示第4行git commit -这里我们有机会更改提交消息(在这种情况下可以有意义地更改为第4(并删除第3)提交或类似)。假设你不想退出文本编辑器而不保存;一旦你这样做了，你会得到:

$ git rebase --continue
[detached HEAD b8275fc] 4th git commit
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
Successfully rebased and updated refs/heads/master.

在这一点上，现在你有一个这样的历史(你也可以用say gitk检查。或其他工具)的/file.txt文件夹的内容(显然，原始提交的时间戳没有改变):

1st git commit  |  +aaaa
----------------------------------------------
2nd git commit  |   aaaa
                |  +bbbb
----------------------------------------------
4th git commit  |   aaaa
                |   bbbb
                |  +dddd
----------------------------------------------
5th git commit  |   aaaa
                |   bbbb
                |   dddd
                |  +eeee

如果之前，我们决定保留cccc行(我们删除的第三次git提交的内容)，我们会有:

1st git commit  |  +aaaa
----------------------------------------------
2nd git commit  |   aaaa
                |  +bbbb
----------------------------------------------
4th git commit  |   aaaa
                |   bbbb
                |  +cccc
                |  +dddd
----------------------------------------------
5th git commit  |   aaaa
                |   bbbb
                |   cccc
                |   dddd
                |  +eeee

好吧，这是我希望我能找到的那种阅读，开始研究git rebase如何在删除提交/修订方面工作;所以希望这也能帮助到其他人…

听起来好像坏提交在某个时候被合并提交了。你的合并提交被拉回来了吗?如果是，那么你将使用git revert;你必须咬紧牙关，克服矛盾。如果不是，那么您可以选择rebase或revert，但是您可以在合并提交之前这样做，然后重做合并。

There's not much help we can give you for the first case, really. After trying the revert, and finding that the automatic one failed, you have to examine the conflicts and fix them appropriately. This is exactly the same process as fixing merge conflicts; you can use git status to see where the conflicts are, edit the unmerged files, find the conflicted hunks, figure out how to resolve them, add the conflicted files, and finally commit. If you use git commit by itself (no -m <message>), the message that pops up in your editor should be the template message created by git revert; you can add a note about how you fixed the conflicts, then save and quit to commit.

对于第二种情况，在合并之前修复问题，有两个子情况，这取决于合并后您是否做了更多的工作。如果你还没有，你可以简单地git重置-硬头^取消合并，做还原，然后重新合并。但我猜你有。所以，你最终会这样做:

在合并之前创建一个临时分支，并签出它 进行还原(或使用git rebase -i <something before bad commit> <temporary branch>来删除bad commit) 重做合并 将你的后续工作重新基于:git Rebase—to <临时分支> <旧合并提交> <实际分支> 移除临时分支

Git恢复——策略解析 如果commit是一个merge: 使用git revert——strategy resolve -m

这里有一个简单的解决方法:

git rebase -i HEAD~x

其中x是提交的数量。

在提交之前输入drop:

就这样，完成了。如果您删除的提交已经在远程上，则必须强制push。因为——force被认为是有害的，所以使用git push——force-with-lease。