I was working with a friend on a project, and he edited a bunch of files that shouldn't have been edited. Somehow I merged his work into mine, either when I pulled it, or when I tried to just pick the specific files out that I wanted. I've been looking and playing for a long time, trying to figure out how to remove the commits that contain the edits to those files, it seems to be a toss up between revert and rebase, and there are no straightforward examples, and the docs assume I know more than I do.

下面是这个问题的简化版本:

给定下面的场景,我如何删除提交2?

$ mkdir git_revert_test && cd git_revert_test

$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in /Users/josh/deleteme/git_revert_test/.git/

$ echo "line 1" > myfile

$ git add -A

$ git commit -m "commit 1"
[master (root-commit) 8230fa3] commit 1
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 myfile

$ echo "line 2" >> myfile

$ git commit -am "commit 2"
[master 342f9bb] commit 2
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

$ echo "line 3" >> myfile

$ git commit -am "commit 3"
[master 1bcb872] commit 3
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)

预期的结果是

$ cat myfile
line 1
line 3

以下是我一直试图恢复的一个例子

$ git revert 342f9bb
Automatic revert failed.  After resolving the conflicts,
mark the corrected paths with 'git add <paths>' or 'git rm <paths>'
and commit the result.

当前回答

这里有一个简单的解决方法:

git rebase -i HEAD~x

其中x是提交的数量。

在提交之前输入drop:

就这样,完成了。如果您删除的提交已经在远程上,则必须强制push。因为——force被认为是有害的,所以使用git push——force-with-lease。

其他回答

Git在计算要恢复的差异时使用的算法需要这样做

任何以后的提交都不会修改被还原的行。 在以后的历史中没有任何其他“相邻”提交。

“相邻”的定义基于上下文差异的默认行数,即3。如果'myfile'是这样构造的:

$ cat >myfile <<EOF
line 1
junk
junk
junk
junk
line 2
junk
junk
junk
junk
line 3
EOF
$ git add myfile
$ git commit -m "initial check-in"
 1 files changed, 11 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 myfile
$ perl -p -i -e 's/line 2/this is the second line/;' myfile
$ git commit -am "changed line 2 to second line"
[master d6cbb19] changed line 2
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
$ perl -p -i -e 's/line 3/this is the third line/;' myfile
$ git commit -am "changed line 3 to third line"
[master dd054fe] changed line 3
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)
$ git revert d6cbb19
Finished one revert.
[master 2db5c47] Revert "changed line 2"
 1 files changed, 1 insertions(+), 1 deletions(-)

然后一切都按预期工作。

第二个答案非常有趣。有一个尚未正式发布的特性(尽管在Git v1.7.2-rc2中可用)称为恢复策略。你可以像这样调用git:

Git revert—strategy resolve <commit>

它应该能更好地理解你的意思。我不知道可用的策略列表是什么,也不知道任何策略的定义。

听起来好像坏提交在某个时候被合并提交了。你的合并提交被拉回来了吗?如果是,那么你将使用git revert;你必须咬紧牙关,克服矛盾。如果不是,那么您可以选择rebase或revert,但是您可以在合并提交之前这样做,然后重做合并。

There's not much help we can give you for the first case, really. After trying the revert, and finding that the automatic one failed, you have to examine the conflicts and fix them appropriately. This is exactly the same process as fixing merge conflicts; you can use git status to see where the conflicts are, edit the unmerged files, find the conflicted hunks, figure out how to resolve them, add the conflicted files, and finally commit. If you use git commit by itself (no -m <message>), the message that pops up in your editor should be the template message created by git revert; you can add a note about how you fixed the conflicts, then save and quit to commit.

对于第二种情况,在合并之前修复问题,有两个子情况,这取决于合并后您是否做了更多的工作。如果你还没有,你可以简单地git重置-硬头^取消合并,做还原,然后重新合并。但我猜你有。所以,你最终会这样做:

在合并之前创建一个临时分支,并签出它 进行还原(或使用git rebase -i <something before bad commit> <temporary branch>来删除bad commit) 重做合并 将你的后续工作重新基于:git Rebase—to <临时分支> <旧合并提交> <实际分支> 移除临时分支

所以你做了一些工作并推动了它,我们称之为提交A和b。你的同事也做了一些工作,提交C和d。你将你同事的工作合并到你的工作中(合并提交E),然后继续工作,也提交了(提交F),然后发现你的同事修改了一些他不应该修改的东西。

你的提交历史是这样的:

A -- B -- C -- D -- D' -- E -- F

你真的想摆脱C D D'既然你说你将同事的工作合并到你的工作中,这些提交已经“存在”了,所以使用git rebase等方法删除这些提交是不可以的。相信我,我试过了。

现在,我看到了两条出路:

if you haven't pushed E and F to your coworker or anyone else (typically your "origin" server) yet, you could still remove those from the history for the time being. This is your work that you want to save. This can be done with a git reset D' (replace D' with the actual commit hash that you can obtain from a git log At this point, commits E and F are gone and the changes are uncommitted changes in your local workspace again. At this point I would move them to a branch or turn them into a patch and save it for later. Now, revert your coworker's work, either automatically with a git revert or manually. When you've done that, replay your work on top of that. You may have merge conflicts, but at least they'll be in the code you wrote, instead of your coworker's code. If you've already pushed the work you did after your coworker's commits, you can still try and get a "reverse patch" either manually or using git revert, but since your work is "in the way", so to speak you'll probably get more merge conflicts and more confusing ones. Looks like that's what you ended up in...

方法1

首先获取需要恢复的提交散列(例如:1406cd61)。简单的修复将在命令之下,

$ git revert 1406cd61

如果你在1406cd61文件提交后提交了更多与1406cd61文件相关的更改,上述简单命令将无法工作。然后你要做下面的步骤,也就是摘樱桃。

方法2

请遵循下面的操作顺序,因为我们正在使用——force,您需要对git回购有管理权限才能做到这一点。

步骤1:找到要删除git日志的提交前的提交

步骤2:签出提交git Checkout <commit hash>

步骤3:使用当前的checkout commit git checkout -b <new branch>创建一个新的分支

第4步:现在你需要在移除commit git cherry-pick <commit hash>之后添加commit

步骤5:现在对所有想要保留的提交重复步骤4。

步骤6:将所有提交添加到新分支并提交之后。检查所有东西是否处于正确的状态并按预期工作。再次检查已提交的所有内容:git状态

步骤7:切换到你的broken branch git checkout <broken branch>

第8步:现在执行一个硬重置,在你想要删除git重置之前的提交分支上——hard <commit hash>

步骤9:将固定的分支合并到这个分支git Merge <分支名称>

步骤10:将合并的更改推回原点。警告:这将覆盖远程回购!Git push——force origin <分支名称>

您可以在不创建新分支的情况下执行该过程,将步骤2和步骤3替换为步骤8,然后不执行步骤7和步骤9。

你的选择是

保留错误并引入修复 删除错误并更改历史记录。

您应该选择(1)如果错误的更改已被其他人拾取,以及(2)如果错误仅限于一个私有的未推送分支。

Git revert是一个自动执行(1)的工具,它创建了一个新的提交,撤销了之前的一些提交。您将在项目历史中看到错误和删除,但是从您的存储库中提取的人在更新时不会遇到问题。在你的例子中,它不是以自动的方式工作的,所以你需要编辑'myfile'(删除第2行),git添加myfile和git提交来处理冲突。然后,历史记录中将有四个提交,提交4将还原提交2。

如果没有人关心你的历史改变,你可以重写它并删除提交2(选择2)。最简单的方法是使用git rebase -i 8230fa3。这将使您进入一个编辑器,您可以通过删除提交来选择不包括错误的提交(并将“pick”放在其他提交消息旁边)。仔细研究一下这样做的后果。