还有一个名字奇怪，行为怪异，但仍然很方便的dict.setdefault（）。

This

value = my_dict.setdefault(key, default)

基本上就是这样：

try:
    value = my_dict[key]
except KeyError: # key not found
    value = my_dict[key] = default

例如。，

>>> mydict = {'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3}
>>> mydict.setdefault('d', 4)
4 # returns new value at mydict['d']
>>> print(mydict)
{'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':4} # a new key/value pair was indeed added
# but see what happens when trying it on an existing key...
>>> mydict.setdefault('a', 111)
1 # old value was returned
>>> print(mydict)
{'a':1, 'b':2, 'c':3, 'd':4} # existing key was ignored

dictionary[key] = value

常规语法是d[key]=value，但如果您的键盘缺少方括号键，您也可以这样做：

d.__setitem__(key, value)

事实上，定义__getitem__和__setitem__方法是如何使自己的类支持方括号语法的。请参见深入Python，类似字典的类。

添加字典（键、值）类。

class myDict(dict):

    def __init__(self):
        self = dict()

    def add(self, key, value):
        #self[key] = value # add new key and value overwriting any exiting same key
        if self.get(key)!=None:
            print('key', key, 'already used') # report if key already used
        self.setdefault(key, value) # if key exit do nothing


## example

myd = myDict()
name = "fred"

myd.add('apples',6)
print('\n', myd)
myd.add('bananas',3)
print('\n', myd)
myd.add('jack', 7)
print('\n', myd)
myd.add(name, myd)
print('\n', myd)
myd.add('apples', 23)
print('\n', myd)
myd.add(name, 2)
print(myd)

在不使用add的情况下向字典中添加关键字

        # Inserting/Updating single value
        # subscript notation method
        d['mynewkey'] = 'mynewvalue' # Updates if 'a' exists, else adds 'a'
        # OR
        d.update({'mynewkey': 'mynewvalue'})
        # OR
        d.update(dict('mynewkey'='mynewvalue'))
        # OR
        d.update('mynewkey'='mynewvalue')
        print(d)  # {'key': 'value', 'mynewkey': 'mynewvalue'}
        # To add/update multiple keys simultaneously, use d.update():
        x = {3:4, 5:6, 7:8}
        d.update(x)
        print(d) # {'key': 'value', 'mynewkey': 'mynewvalue', 3: 4, 5: 6, 7: 8}
        # update operator |= now works for dictionaries:
        d |= {'c':3,'d':4}
        # Assigning new key value pair using dictionary unpacking.
        data1 = {4:6, 9:10, 17:20}
        data2 = {20:30, 32:48, 90:100}
        data3 = { 38:"value", 99:"notvalid"}
        d = {**data1, **data2, **data3}
        # The merge operator | now works for dictionaries:
        data = data1 | {'c':3,'d':4}
        # Create a dictionary from two lists
        data = dict(zip(list_with_keys, list_with_values))

您可以创建一个：

class myDict(dict):

    def __init__(self):
        self = dict()

    def add(self, key, value):
        self[key] = value

## example

myd = myDict()
myd.add('apples',6)
myd.add('bananas',3)
print(myd)

给予：

>>> 
{'apples': 6, 'bananas': 3}