我的Java独立应用程序从用户那里获得一个URL(指向一个文件)，我需要点击它并下载它。我面临的问题是，我不能正确编码HTTP URL地址…
例子:
URL: http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf
java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.toString(), "ISO-8859-1");
回报我。
http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.barnesandnoble.com%2Fbooksearch%2Ffirst+book.pdf
但是，我想要的是
http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf
(空格替换为%20)
我猜URLEncoder不是为编码HTTP url设计的…JavaDoc说“HTML表单编码的实用程序类”…还有别的办法吗?
当前回答
我创建了一个新项目来帮助构建HTTP url。库将自动URL编码路径段和查询参数。
您可以在https://github.com/Widen/urlbuilder上查看源代码并下载二进制文件
这个问题中的URL示例:
new UrlBuilder("search.barnesandnoble.com", "booksearch/first book.pdf").toString()
生产
http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf
其他回答
uri类可以提供帮助;你可以在URL的文档中找到
注意，URI类在某些情况下确实执行组件字段的转义。建议使用URI来管理url的编码和解码
使用一个具有多个参数的构造函数，例如:
URI uri = new URI(
"http",
"search.barnesandnoble.com",
"/booksearch/first book.pdf",
null);
URL url = uri.toURL();
//or String request = uri.toString();
(URI的单参数构造函数不转义非法字符)
上面的代码只转义了非法字符——它不会转义非ascii字符(参见fatih的评论)。 toASCIIString方法可用于获取仅包含US-ASCII字符的String:
URI uri = new URI(
"http",
"search.barnesandnoble.com",
"/booksearch/é",
null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();
对于像http://www.google.com/ig/api?weather=São Paulo这样的查询URL，使用构造函数的5个参数版本:
URI uri = new URI(
"http",
"www.google.com",
"/ig/api",
"weather=São Paulo",
null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();
我同意马特的观点。事实上，我从未在教程中看到过很好的解释，但一个问题是如何编码URL路径，另一个非常不同的问题是如何编码附加到URL的参数(“?”符号后面的查询部分)。它们使用类似的编码，但并不相同。
专门用于空白字符的编码。URL路径需要编码为%20，而查询部分允许使用%20和“+”符号。最好的方法是使用Web浏览器对我们的Web服务器进行测试。
对于这两种情况，我总是会编码组件组件，而不是整个字符串。实际上URLEncoder允许查询部分这样做。对于路径部分，您可以使用类URI，尽管在本例中它要求整个字符串，而不是单个组件。
无论如何，我相信避免这些问题的最好方法是使用个人无冲突的设计。怎么做?例如，我从来不使用a-Z, a-Z, 0-9和_以外的字符命名目录或参数。这样，唯一需要做的就是对每个参数的值进行编码，因为它可能来自用户输入，使用的字符是未知的。
除了Carlos Heuberger的回复: 如果需要不同于默认值(80)的参数，则应该使用7参数构造函数:
URI uri = new URI(
"http",
null, // this is for userInfo
"www.google.com",
8080, // port number as int
"/ig/api",
"weather=São Paulo",
null);
String request = uri.toASCIIString();
如果你用的是弹簧，你可以试试 org.springframework.web.util.UriUtils # encodePath
如果任何人不想向他们的项目添加依赖项，这些函数可能会有帮助。
我们将URL的path部分传递到这里。您可能不想将完整的URL作为参数传递进来(查询字符串需要不同的转义，等等)。
/**
* Percent-encodes a string so it's suitable for use in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
*/
public static String percentEncode(String encodeMe) {
if (encodeMe == null) {
return "";
}
String encoded = encodeMe.replace("%", "%25");
encoded = encoded.replace(" ", "%20");
encoded = encoded.replace("!", "%21");
encoded = encoded.replace("#", "%23");
encoded = encoded.replace("$", "%24");
encoded = encoded.replace("&", "%26");
encoded = encoded.replace("'", "%27");
encoded = encoded.replace("(", "%28");
encoded = encoded.replace(")", "%29");
encoded = encoded.replace("*", "%2A");
encoded = encoded.replace("+", "%2B");
encoded = encoded.replace(",", "%2C");
encoded = encoded.replace("/", "%2F");
encoded = encoded.replace(":", "%3A");
encoded = encoded.replace(";", "%3B");
encoded = encoded.replace("=", "%3D");
encoded = encoded.replace("?", "%3F");
encoded = encoded.replace("@", "%40");
encoded = encoded.replace("[", "%5B");
encoded = encoded.replace("]", "%5D");
return encoded;
}
/**
* Percent-decodes a string, such as used in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
*/
public static String percentDecode(String encodeMe) {
if (encodeMe == null) {
return "";
}
String decoded = encodeMe.replace("%21", "!");
decoded = decoded.replace("%20", " ");
decoded = decoded.replace("%23", "#");
decoded = decoded.replace("%24", "$");
decoded = decoded.replace("%26", "&");
decoded = decoded.replace("%27", "'");
decoded = decoded.replace("%28", "(");
decoded = decoded.replace("%29", ")");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2A", "*");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2B", "+");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2C", ",");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2F", "/");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3A", ":");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3B", ";");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3D", "=");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3F", "?");
decoded = decoded.replace("%40", "@");
decoded = decoded.replace("%5B", "[");
decoded = decoded.replace("%5D", "]");
decoded = decoded.replace("%25", "%");
return decoded;
}
和测试:
@Test
public void testPercentEncode_Decode() {
assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode(null)));
assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode("")));
assertEquals("!", percentDecode(percentEncode("!")));
assertEquals("#", percentDecode(percentEncode("#")));
assertEquals("$", percentDecode(percentEncode("$")));
assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
assertEquals("&", percentDecode(percentEncode("&")));
assertEquals("'", percentDecode(percentEncode("'")));
assertEquals("(", percentDecode(percentEncode("(")));
assertEquals(")", percentDecode(percentEncode(")")));
assertEquals("*", percentDecode(percentEncode("*")));
assertEquals("+", percentDecode(percentEncode("+")));
assertEquals(",", percentDecode(percentEncode(",")));
assertEquals("/", percentDecode(percentEncode("/")));
assertEquals(":", percentDecode(percentEncode(":")));
assertEquals(";", percentDecode(percentEncode(";")));
assertEquals("=", percentDecode(percentEncode("=")));
assertEquals("?", percentDecode(percentEncode("?")));
assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
assertEquals("[", percentDecode(percentEncode("[")));
assertEquals("]", percentDecode(percentEncode("]")));
assertEquals(" ", percentDecode(percentEncode(" ")));
// Get a little complex
assertEquals("[]]", percentDecode(percentEncode("[]]")));
assertEquals("a=d%*", percentDecode(percentEncode("a=d%*")));
assertEquals(") (", percentDecode(percentEncode(") (")));
assertEquals("%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25",
percentEncode("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %"));
assertEquals("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %", percentDecode(
"%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25"));
assertEquals("%23456", percentDecode(percentEncode("%23456")));
}
