我的Java独立应用程序从用户那里获得一个URL(指向一个文件)，我需要点击它并下载它。我面临的问题是，我不能正确编码HTTP URL地址…
例子:
URL: http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first book.pdf
java.net.URLEncoder.encode(url.toString(), "ISO-8859-1");
回报我。
http%3A%2F%2Fsearch.barnesandnoble.com%2Fbooksearch%2Ffirst+book.pdf
但是，我想要的是
http://search.barnesandnoble.com/booksearch/first%20book.pdf
(空格替换为%20)
我猜URLEncoder不是为编码HTTP url设计的…JavaDoc说“HTML表单编码的实用程序类”…还有别的办法吗?
当前回答
我用这个
org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4("my text % & < >");
添加这个依赖项
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
</dependency>
其他回答
在此我将针对Android用户添加一条建议。您可以这样做，从而避免获得任何外部库。此外，上面一些答案中建议的所有搜索/替换字符解决方案都是危险的，应该避免。
试一试:
String urlStr = "http://abc.dev.domain.com/0007AC/ads/800x480 15sec h.264.mp4";
URL url = new URL(urlStr);
URI uri = new URI(url.getProtocol(), url.getUserInfo(), url.getHost(), url.getPort(), url.getPath(), url.getQuery(), url.getRef());
url = uri.toURL();
您可以看到，在这个特定的URL中，我需要对这些空格进行编码，以便我可以将其用于请求。
这利用了Android类中提供给你的几个功能。首先，URL类可以将URL分解为适当的组件，因此不需要进行任何字符串搜索/替换工作。其次，当您通过组件而不是从单个字符串构造URI时，这种方法利用了正确转义组件的URI类特性。
这种方法的美妙之处在于，您可以使用任何有效的url字符串并让它工作，而不需要您自己对它有任何特殊的了解。
不幸的是，org.apache.commons.httpclient.uti.uriutil已弃用，替代的org.apache.commons.codec.net.URLCodec编码适用于表单帖子，而不适用于实际URL。所以我必须写我自己的函数，它只做一个组件(不适合有?'s和&'s的整个查询字符串)
public static String encodeURLComponent(final String s)
{
if (s == null)
{
return "";
}
final StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
try
{
for (int i = 0; i < s.length(); i++)
{
final char c = s.charAt(i);
if (((c >= 'A') && (c <= 'Z')) || ((c >= 'a') && (c <= 'z')) ||
((c >= '0') && (c <= '9')) ||
(c == '-') || (c == '.') || (c == '_') || (c == '~'))
{
sb.append(c);
}
else
{
final byte[] bytes = ("" + c).getBytes("UTF-8");
for (byte b : bytes)
{
sb.append('%');
int upper = (((int) b) >> 4) & 0xf;
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(upper).toUpperCase(Locale.US));
int lower = ((int) b) & 0xf;
sb.append(Integer.toHexString(lower).toUpperCase(Locale.US));
}
}
}
return sb.toString();
}
catch (UnsupportedEncodingException uee)
{
throw new RuntimeException("UTF-8 unsupported!?", uee);
}
}
如果任何人不想向他们的项目添加依赖项，这些函数可能会有帮助。
我们将URL的path部分传递到这里。您可能不想将完整的URL作为参数传递进来(查询字符串需要不同的转义，等等)。
/**
* Percent-encodes a string so it's suitable for use in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
*/
public static String percentEncode(String encodeMe) {
if (encodeMe == null) {
return "";
}
String encoded = encodeMe.replace("%", "%25");
encoded = encoded.replace(" ", "%20");
encoded = encoded.replace("!", "%21");
encoded = encoded.replace("#", "%23");
encoded = encoded.replace("$", "%24");
encoded = encoded.replace("&", "%26");
encoded = encoded.replace("'", "%27");
encoded = encoded.replace("(", "%28");
encoded = encoded.replace(")", "%29");
encoded = encoded.replace("*", "%2A");
encoded = encoded.replace("+", "%2B");
encoded = encoded.replace(",", "%2C");
encoded = encoded.replace("/", "%2F");
encoded = encoded.replace(":", "%3A");
encoded = encoded.replace(";", "%3B");
encoded = encoded.replace("=", "%3D");
encoded = encoded.replace("?", "%3F");
encoded = encoded.replace("@", "%40");
encoded = encoded.replace("[", "%5B");
encoded = encoded.replace("]", "%5D");
return encoded;
}
/**
* Percent-decodes a string, such as used in a URL Path (not a query string / form encode, which uses + for spaces, etc)
*/
public static String percentDecode(String encodeMe) {
if (encodeMe == null) {
return "";
}
String decoded = encodeMe.replace("%21", "!");
decoded = decoded.replace("%20", " ");
decoded = decoded.replace("%23", "#");
decoded = decoded.replace("%24", "$");
decoded = decoded.replace("%26", "&");
decoded = decoded.replace("%27", "'");
decoded = decoded.replace("%28", "(");
decoded = decoded.replace("%29", ")");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2A", "*");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2B", "+");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2C", ",");
decoded = decoded.replace("%2F", "/");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3A", ":");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3B", ";");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3D", "=");
decoded = decoded.replace("%3F", "?");
decoded = decoded.replace("%40", "@");
decoded = decoded.replace("%5B", "[");
decoded = decoded.replace("%5D", "]");
decoded = decoded.replace("%25", "%");
return decoded;
}
和测试:
@Test
public void testPercentEncode_Decode() {
assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode(null)));
assertEquals("", percentDecode(percentEncode("")));
assertEquals("!", percentDecode(percentEncode("!")));
assertEquals("#", percentDecode(percentEncode("#")));
assertEquals("$", percentDecode(percentEncode("$")));
assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
assertEquals("&", percentDecode(percentEncode("&")));
assertEquals("'", percentDecode(percentEncode("'")));
assertEquals("(", percentDecode(percentEncode("(")));
assertEquals(")", percentDecode(percentEncode(")")));
assertEquals("*", percentDecode(percentEncode("*")));
assertEquals("+", percentDecode(percentEncode("+")));
assertEquals(",", percentDecode(percentEncode(",")));
assertEquals("/", percentDecode(percentEncode("/")));
assertEquals(":", percentDecode(percentEncode(":")));
assertEquals(";", percentDecode(percentEncode(";")));
assertEquals("=", percentDecode(percentEncode("=")));
assertEquals("?", percentDecode(percentEncode("?")));
assertEquals("@", percentDecode(percentEncode("@")));
assertEquals("[", percentDecode(percentEncode("[")));
assertEquals("]", percentDecode(percentEncode("]")));
assertEquals(" ", percentDecode(percentEncode(" ")));
// Get a little complex
assertEquals("[]]", percentDecode(percentEncode("[]]")));
assertEquals("a=d%*", percentDecode(percentEncode("a=d%*")));
assertEquals(") (", percentDecode(percentEncode(") (")));
assertEquals("%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25",
percentEncode("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %"));
assertEquals("! * ' ( % ) ; : @ & = + $ , / ? # [ ] %", percentDecode(
"%21%20%2A%20%27%20%28%20%25%20%29%20%3B%20%3A%20%40%20%26%20%3D%20%2B%20%24%20%2C%20%2F%20%3F%20%23%20%5B%20%5D%20%25"));
assertEquals("%23456", percentDecode(percentEncode("%23456")));
}
我用这个
org.apache.commons.text.StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml4("my text % & < >");
添加这个依赖项
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-text</artifactId>
<version>1.8</version>
</dependency>
我同意马特的观点。事实上，我从未在教程中看到过很好的解释，但一个问题是如何编码URL路径，另一个非常不同的问题是如何编码附加到URL的参数(“?”符号后面的查询部分)。它们使用类似的编码，但并不相同。
专门用于空白字符的编码。URL路径需要编码为%20，而查询部分允许使用%20和“+”符号。最好的方法是使用Web浏览器对我们的Web服务器进行测试。
对于这两种情况，我总是会编码组件组件，而不是整个字符串。实际上URLEncoder允许查询部分这样做。对于路径部分，您可以使用类URI，尽管在本例中它要求整个字符串，而不是单个组件。
无论如何，我相信避免这些问题的最好方法是使用个人无冲突的设计。怎么做?例如，我从来不使用a-Z, a-Z, 0-9和_以外的字符命名目录或参数。这样，唯一需要做的就是对每个参数的值进行编码，因为它可能来自用户输入，使用的字符是未知的。
