命令行curl可以通过使用-D选项显示响应头,但我想看到它正在发送什么请求头。我该怎么做呢?


当前回答

curl的-v选项在错误输出中过于冗长,其中包含前导*(状态行)或>(请求头字段)或<(响应头字段)。只获取请求头字段:

curl -v -sS www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 >/dev/null | grep '>' | cut -c1-2 --complement

只获取请求头字段:

curl -v -sS www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 >/dev/null | grep '<' | cut -c1-2 --complement

或者使用-D选项将其转储到/tmp/test.txt文件中

curl -D /tmp/test.txt -sS www.stackoverflow.com > /dev/null

为了过滤-v输出,你应该将错误输出指向终端,STD输出指向/dev/null, -s选项是禁止进度计量

其他回答

我相信您正在寻找传递给curl的命令行开关是-I。

使用示例:

$ curl -I http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287  
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:05 GMT
Server: Apache
Location: http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

此外,如果你遇到响应HTTP状态码为301,你可能还想传递一个-L参数开关来告诉curl遵循URL重定向,并且,在这种情况下,打印所有页面的标题(包括URL重定向),如下所示:

$ curl -I -L http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287
HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT
Server: Apache
Location: http://heatmiser.counterhack.com/zone-5-15614E3A-CEA7-4A28-A85A-D688CC418287/
Content-Type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1

HTTP/1.1 302 Found
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT
Server: Apache
Set-Cookie: UID=b8c37e33defde51cf91e1e03e51657da
Location: noaccess.php
Content-Type: text/html

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Sat, 29 Dec 2012 15:22:13 GMT
Server: Apache
Content-Type: text/html

如下所示的命令将显示三个部分:请求头、响应头和数据(由CRLF分隔)。它避免了curl添加的技术信息和语法噪声。

curl -vs www.stackoverflow.com 2>&1 | sed '/^* /d; /bytes data]$/d; s/> //; s/< //'

该命令将产生如下输出:

GET / HTTP/1.1
Host: www.stackoverflow.com
User-Agent: curl/7.54.0
Accept: */*

HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Location: https://stackoverflow.com/
Content-Length: 149
Accept-Ranges: bytes
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2019 20:28:56 GMT
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Served-By: cache-bma1622-BMA
X-Cache: MISS
X-Cache-Hits: 0
X-Timer: S1547670537.588756,VS0,VE105
Vary: Fastly-SSL
X-DNS-Prefetch-Control: off
Set-Cookie: prov=e4b211f7-ae13-dad3-9720-167742a5dff8; domain=.stackoverflow.com; expires=Fri, 01-Jan-2055 00:00:00 GMT; path=/; HttpOnly

<head><title>Document Moved</title></head>
<body><h1>Object Moved</h1>This document may be found <a HREF="https://stackoverflow.com/">here</a></body>

描述:

-vs -添加报头(-v)但删除进度条(-s) 2>&1 -将stdout和stderr合并为单个stdout 使用下面的命令由curl生成的Sed编辑响应 /^* /d -删除以“*”开头的行(技术信息) $/d -删除以'bytes data]结尾的行(技术信息) S /> // -删除'> '前缀 S /< // -删除'< '前缀

如果你想要更多的选择,你可以尝试安装一个现代的命令行HTTP客户端,如httpie,它适用于大多数操作系统的包管理器,如brew, apt-get, pip, yum等

- OSX

brew install httpie

然后,您可以在命令行上使用它与各种选项

http GET https://www.google.com

curl的-v或——verbose选项会显示HTTP请求的报头。以下是一些输出示例:

$ curl -v http://google.com/
* About to connect() to google.com port 80 (#0)
*   Trying 66.102.7.104... connected
* Connected to google.com (66.102.7.104) port 80 (#0)
> GET / HTTP/1.1
> User-Agent: curl/7.16.4 (i386-apple-darwin9.0) libcurl/7.16.4 OpenSSL/0.9.7l zlib/1.2.3
> Host: google.com
> Accept: */*
> 
< HTTP/1.1 301 Moved Permanently
< Location: http://www.google.com/
< Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
< Date: Thu, 15 Jul 2010 06:06:52 GMT
< Expires: Sat, 14 Aug 2010 06:06:52 GMT
< Cache-Control: public, max-age=2592000
< Server: gws
< Content-Length: 219
< X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
< 
<HTML><HEAD><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8">
<TITLE>301 Moved</TITLE></HEAD><BODY>
<H1>301 Moved</H1>
The document has moved
<A HREF="http://www.google.com/">here</A>.
</BODY></HTML>
* Connection #0 to host google.com left intact
* Closing connection #0

一个显示响应头的流行答案,但OP询问请求头。

curl -s -D - -o /dev/null http://example.com

-s:避免显示进度条 - d -:将头文件转储到文件中,但-将其发送到标准输出 -o /dev/null:忽略响应体

这比-I更好,因为它不发送HEAD请求,这可能会产生不同的结果。

它比-v更好,因为你不需要那么多的技巧来简化它。