我发现以下命令返回Python 3脚本父目录的完整路径。

Python 3脚本:

#!/usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

from pathlib import Path

#Get the absolute path of a Python3.6 and above script.
dir1 = Path().resolve()  #Make the path absolute, resolving any symlinks.
dir2 = Path().absolute() #See @RonKalian answer 
dir3 = Path(__file__).parent.absolute() #See @Arminius answer
dir4 = Path(__file__).parent 

print(f'dir1={dir1}\ndir2={dir2}\ndir3={dir3}\ndir4={dir4}')

讲话! !

Dir1和dir2仅在运行位于当前工作目录中的脚本时有效，但在任何其他情况下都将中断。 假设Path(__file__).is_absolute()为True，在dir3中使用.absolute()方法显得多余。 最短的命令是dir4。

解释链接:.resolve()， .absolute()， Path(file).parent().absolute()

python中有用的路径属性:

from pathlib import Path

#Returns the path of the current directory
mypath = Path().absolute()
print('Absolute path : {}'.format(mypath))

#if you want to go to any other file inside the subdirectories of the directory path got from above method
filePath = mypath/'data'/'fuel_econ.csv'
print('File path : {}'.format(filePath))

#To check if file present in that directory or Not
isfileExist = filePath.exists()
print('isfileExist : {}'.format(isfileExist))

#To check if the path is a directory or a File
isadirectory = filePath.is_dir()
print('isadirectory : {}'.format(isadirectory))

#To get the extension of the file
fileExtension = mypath/'data'/'fuel_econ.csv'
print('File extension : {}'.format(filePath.suffix))

输出: 绝对路径是放置python文件的路径

绝对路径:D:\Study\Machine Learning\Jupitor Notebook\JupytorNotebookTest2\Udacity_Scripts\Matplotlib和seaborn Part2

文件路径:D:\Study\Machine Learning\Jupitor Notebook\JupytorNotebookTest2\Udacity_Scripts\Matplotlib and seaborn Part2\data\ fuel_econc .csv

isfileExist: True

isadirectory: False

文件扩展名:.csv

从Python 3开始，推荐使用pathlib中的Path:

from pathlib import Path
print("File      Path:", Path(__file__).absolute())
print("Directory Path:", Path().absolute()) # Directory of current working directory, not __file__  

注意:如果使用Jupyter Notebook， __file__不会返回预期值，因此必须使用Path().absolute()。

Python 2和3

你还可以简单地做:

from os import sep
print(__file__.rsplit(sep, 1)[0] + sep)

输出如下:

C:\my_folder\sub_folder\

import os
print(os.path.dirname(__file__))

也适用于__file__不可用的情况(jupyter笔记本)

import sys
from pathlib import Path
path_file = Path(sys.path[0])
print(path_file)

还使用了pathlib，这是python 3中处理路径的面向对象的方式。