你可以把?foo=1234放在CSS / JavaScript导入的末尾，把1234改成你喜欢的任何值。看一下Stack Overflow HTML源代码的例子。

这里的意思是?无论如何，参数都会在请求中被丢弃/忽略，您可以在推出新版本时更改这个数字。

注意:关于这究竟如何影响缓存存在一些争论。我认为它的一般要点是GET请求，无论是否带参数都应该是可缓存的，因此上面的解决方案应该是有效的。

然而，这取决于web服务器和用户使用的浏览器，因为它可以直接要求一个新的版本。

仅在纯JavaScript的本地开发中禁用script.js的缓存。

它会注入一个随机的script.js?Wizardry =1231234并阻塞常规script.js:

<script type="text/javascript">
  if(document.location.href.indexOf('localhost') !== -1) {
    const scr = document.createElement('script');
    document.setAttribute('type', 'text/javascript');
    document.setAttribute('src', 'scripts.js' + '?wizardry=' + Math.random());
    document.head.appendChild(scr);
    document.write('<script type="application/x-suppress">'); // prevent next script(from other SO answer)
  }
</script>

<script type="text/javascript" src="scripts.js">

我发现在资源URL中使用基于时间戳或哈希的区分器的方法存在一个问题，该方法在服务器请求时被剥离。包含样式表链接的页面也会被缓存。因此，缓存的页面可能会请求较旧版本的样式表，但它将得到最新版本，这可能与请求页面不兼容，也可能与请求页面不兼容。

To fix this, you either have to guard the requesting page with a no-cache header or meta, to make sure it gets refreshed on every load. Or you have to maintain all versions of the style file that you ever deployed on the server, each as an individual file and with their differentiator intact so that the requesting page can get at the version of the style file it was designed for. In the latter case, you basically tie the versions of the HTML page and the style sheet together, which can be done statically and doesn't require any server logic.

只需使用服务器端代码添加文件的日期…这样，它将被缓存，只有当文件更改时才会重新加载。

在ASP。NET:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="~/css/custom.css?d=@(System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(File.GetLastWriteTime(Server.MapPath("~/css/custom.css")).ToString(),"[^0-9]", ""))" />

<script type="text/javascript" src="~/js/custom.js?d=@(System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(File.GetLastWriteTime(Server.MapPath("~/js/custom.js")).ToString(),"[^0-9]", ""))"></script>

这可以简化为:

<script src="<%= Page.ResolveClientUrlUnique("~/js/custom.js") %>" type="text/javascript"></script>

通过在项目中添加扩展方法来扩展Page:

public static class Extension_Methods
{
    public static string ResolveClientUrlUnique(this System.Web.UI.Page oPg, string sRelPath)
    {
        string sFilePath = oPg.Server.MapPath(sRelPath);
        string sLastDate = System.IO.File.GetLastWriteTime(sFilePath).ToString();
        string sDateHashed = System.Text.RegularExpressions.Regex.Replace(sLastDate, "[^0-9]", "");

        return oPg.ResolveClientUrl(sRelPath) + "?d=" + sDateHashed;
    }
}

感谢Kip的完美解决方案!

我对它进行了扩展，将其用作Zend_view_Helper。因为我的客户端在虚拟主机上运行他的页面，我也为此扩展了它。

/**
 * Extend filepath with timestamp to force browser to
 * automatically refresh them if they are updated
 *
 * This is based on Kip's version, but now
 * also works on virtual hosts
 * @link http://stackoverflow.com/questions/118884/what-is-an-elegant-way-to-force-browsers-to-reload-cached-css-js-files
 *
 * Usage:
 * - extend your .htaccess file with
 * # Route for My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter
 * # which extends files with there timestamp so if these
 * # are updated a automatic refresh should occur
 * # RewriteRule ^(.*)\.[^.][\d]+\.(css|js)$ $1.$2 [L]
 * - then use it in your view script like
 * $this->headLink()->appendStylesheet( $this->autoRefreshRewriter($this->cssPath . 'default.css'));
 *
 */
class My_View_Helper_AutoRefreshRewriter extends Zend_View_Helper_Abstract {

    public function autoRefreshRewriter($filePath) {

        if (strpos($filePath, '/') !== 0) {

            // Path has no leading '/'
            return $filePath;
        } elseif (file_exists($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath)) {

            // File exists under normal path
            // so build path based on this
            $mtime = filemtime($_SERVER['DOCUMENT_ROOT'] . $filePath);
            return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
        } else {

            // Fetch directory of index.php file (file from all others are included)
            // and get only the directory
            $indexFilePath = dirname(current(get_included_files()));

            // Check if file exist relativ to index file
            if (file_exists($indexFilePath . $filePath)) {

                // Get timestamp based on this relativ path
                $mtime = filemtime($indexFilePath . $filePath);

                // Write generated timestamp to path
                // but use old path not the relativ one
                return preg_replace('{\\.([^./]+)$}', ".$mtime.\$1", $filePath);
            } else {
                return $filePath;
            }
        }
    }
}

对于Java Servlet环境，可以查看Jawr库。功能页面解释了它是如何处理缓存的:

Jawr will try its best to force your clients to cache the resources. If a browser asks if a file changed, a 304 (not modified) header is sent back with no content. On the other hand, with Jawr you will be 100% sure that new versions of your bundles are downloaded by all clients. Every URL to your resources will include an automatically generated, content-based prefix that changes automatically whenever a resource is updated. Once you deploy a new version, the URL to the bundle will change as well so it will be impossible that a client uses an older, cached version.

该库还可以简化JavaScript和CSS，但如果不需要，可以将其关闭。