我注意到一些浏览器(特别是Firefox和Opera)非常热衷于使用.css和.js文件的缓存副本,甚至在浏览器会话之间。当您更新其中一个文件时,这会导致一个问题,但用户的浏览器会继续使用缓存的副本。
当文件发生更改时,强迫用户浏览器重新加载文件的最优雅的方法是什么?
理想情况下,该解决方案不会强制浏览器在每次访问页面时重新加载文件。
我发现John Millikin和da5id的建议很有用。这有一个专门的术语:自动版本控制。
我在下面发布了一个新的答案,这是我最初的解决方案和约翰的建议的结合。
SCdF建议的另一个想法是将伪查询字符串附加到文件中。(一些自动使用时间戳作为伪查询字符串的Python代码是由pi..提交的)
然而,关于浏览器是否缓存带有查询字符串的文件还存在一些讨论。(请记住,我们希望浏览器缓存该文件并在以后的访问中使用它。我们只希望它在文件更改时再次获取该文件。)
ASP。NET 4.5及以上版本可以使用脚本捆绑。
The request http://localhost/MvcBM_time/bundles/AllMyScripts?v=r0sLDicvP58AIXN_mc3QdyVvVj5euZNzdsa2N1PKvb81 is for the bundle AllMyScripts and contains a query string pair v=r0sLDicvP58AIXN_mc3QdyVvVj5euZNzdsa2N1PKvb81. The query string v has a value token that is a unique identifier used for caching. As long as the bundle doesn't change, the ASP.NET application will request the AllMyScripts bundle using this token. If any file in the bundle changes, the ASP.NET optimization framework will generate a new token, guaranteeing that browser requests for the bundle will get the latest bundle.
捆绑还有其他好处,包括通过缩小页面来提高首次加载时的性能。
假设你有一个文件可用:
/styles/screen.css
你可以在URI上附加一个包含版本信息的查询参数,例如:
/styles/screen.css?v=1234
或者你可以在前面加上版本信息,例如:
/v/1234/styles/screen.css
恕我直言,第二种方法更适合CSS文件,因为它们可以使用相对url引用图像,这意味着如果你指定一个背景图像,像这样:
body {
background-image: url('images/happy.gif');
}
它的URL实际上是:
/v/1234/styles/images/happy.gif
这意味着如果您更新了使用的版本号,服务器将将其视为新资源,而不是使用缓存的版本。如果您的版本号基于Subversion、CVS等版本,这意味着CSS文件中引用的图像的更改将被注意到。第一种方案并不能保证这一点,即URL images/happy.gif相对于/styles/screen.css?V =1235是/styles/images/happy.gif,它不包含任何版本信息。
I have implemented a caching solution using this technique with Java servlets and simply handle requests to /v/* with a servlet that delegates to the underlying resource (i.e. /styles/screen.css). In development mode I set caching headers that tell the client to always check the freshness of the resource with the server (this typically results in a 304 if you delegate to Tomcat's DefaultServlet and the .css, .js, etc. file hasn't changed) while in deployment mode I set headers that say "cache forever".
另一个关于ASP的建议。网的网站,
Set different cache-control:max-age values, for different static files.
For CSS and JavaScript files, the chances of modifying these files on server is high, so set a minimal cache-control:max-age value of 1 or 2 minutes or something that meets your need.
For images, set a far date as the cache-control:max-age value, say 360 days.
By doing so, when we make the first request, all static contents are downloaded to client machine with a 200-OK response.
On subsequent requests and after two minutes, we see 304-Not Modified requests on CSS and JavaScript files which avoids us from CSS and JavaScript versioning.
Image files will not be requested as they will be used from cached memory till the cache expires.
By using the below web.config configurations, we can achieve the above described behavior,
<system.webServer>
<modules runAllManagedModulesForAllRequests="true"/>
<staticContent>
<clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="00.00:01:00"/>
</staticContent>
<httpProtocol>
<customHeaders>
<add name="ETAG" value=""/>
</customHeaders>
</httpProtocol>
</system.webServer>
<location path="Images">
<system.webServer>
<staticContent>
<clientCache cacheControlMode="UseMaxAge" cacheControlMaxAge="180.00:00:00" />
</staticContent>
</system.webServer>
</location>