我试图使用Java的ThreadPoolExecutor类运行大量具有固定数量线程的重量级任务。每个任务都有许多可能由于异常而失败的地方。
我已经继承了ThreadPoolExecutor的子类，并且重写了afterExecute方法，该方法应该提供在运行任务时遇到的任何未捕获的异常。然而，我似乎不能让它工作。
例如:
public class ThreadPoolErrors extends ThreadPoolExecutor {
public ThreadPoolErrors() {
super( 1, // core threads
1, // max threads
1, // timeout
TimeUnit.MINUTES, // timeout units
new LinkedBlockingQueue<Runnable>() // work queue
);
}
protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
super.afterExecute(r, t);
if(t != null) {
System.out.println("Got an error: " + t);
} else {
System.out.println("Everything's fine--situation normal!");
}
}
public static void main( String [] args) {
ThreadPoolErrors threadPool = new ThreadPoolErrors();
threadPool.submit(
new Runnable() {
public void run() {
throw new RuntimeException("Ouch! Got an error.");
}
}
);
threadPool.shutdown();
}
}
这个程序的输出是“一切正常——情况正常!”，尽管提交给线程池的唯一Runnable抛出了异常。你知道这里发生了什么吗?
谢谢!
我使用的是jcabi-log中的VerboseRunnable类，它吸收所有异常并记录它们。非常方便，例如:
import com.jcabi.log.VerboseRunnable;
scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
new VerboseRunnable(
Runnable() {
public void run() {
// the code, which may throw
}
},
true // it means that all exceptions will be swallowed and logged
),
1, 1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS
);
我使用的是jcabi-log中的VerboseRunnable类，它吸收所有异常并记录它们。非常方便，例如:
import com.jcabi.log.VerboseRunnable;
scheduler.scheduleWithFixedDelay(
new VerboseRunnable(
Runnable() {
public void run() {
// the code, which may throw
}
},
true // it means that all exceptions will be swallowed and logged
),
1, 1, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS
);
警告:需要注意的是，此解决方案将阻塞将来的调用线程。get()。
如果您想处理任务抛出的异常，那么通常使用Callable而不是Runnable更好。
Callable.call()允许抛出检查过的异常，这些异常会传播回调用线程:
Callable task = ...
Future future = executor.submit(task);
// do something else in the meantime, and then...
try {
future.get();
} catch (ExecutionException ex) {
ex.getCause().printStackTrace();
}
如果Callable.call()抛出异常，则该异常将被包装在ExecutionException中并由Future.get()抛出。
这可能比继承ThreadPoolExecutor的子类要好得多。如果异常是可恢复的，它还为您提供了重新提交任务的机会。
这是
它来源于SingleThreadExecutor，但是你可以很容易地适应它
Java 8的lamdas代码，但是很容易修复
它会创建一个Executor单线程，可以得到很多任务;并将等待当前的一个结束执行，然后开始执行下一个
如果出现uncaugth错误或异常，uncaughtExceptionHandler将捕获它
public final class SingleThreadExecutorWithExceptions {
public static ExecutorService newSingleThreadExecutorWithExceptions(final Thread.UncaughtExceptionHandler uncaughtExceptionHandler) {
ThreadFactory factory = (Runnable runnable) -> {
final Thread newThread = new Thread(runnable, "SingleThreadExecutorWithExceptions");
newThread.setUncaughtExceptionHandler( (final Thread caugthThread,final Throwable throwable) -> {
uncaughtExceptionHandler.uncaughtException(caugthThread, throwable);
});
return newThread;
};
return new FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
(new ThreadPoolExecutor(1, 1,
0L, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS,
new LinkedBlockingQueue(),
factory){
protected void afterExecute(Runnable runnable, Throwable throwable) {
super.afterExecute(runnable, throwable);
if (throwable == null && runnable instanceof Future) {
try {
Future future = (Future) runnable;
if (future.isDone()) {
future.get();
}
} catch (CancellationException ce) {
throwable = ce;
} catch (ExecutionException ee) {
throwable = ee.getCause();
} catch (InterruptedException ie) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt(); // ignore/reset
}
}
if (throwable != null) {
uncaughtExceptionHandler.uncaughtException(Thread.currentThread(),throwable);
}
}
});
}
private static class FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService
extends DelegatedExecutorService {
FinalizableDelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) {
super(executor);
}
protected void finalize() {
super.shutdown();
}
}
/**
* A wrapper class that exposes only the ExecutorService methods
* of an ExecutorService implementation.
*/
private static class DelegatedExecutorService extends AbstractExecutorService {
private final ExecutorService e;
DelegatedExecutorService(ExecutorService executor) { e = executor; }
public void execute(Runnable command) { e.execute(command); }
public void shutdown() { e.shutdown(); }
public List shutdownNow() { return e.shutdownNow(); }
public boolean isShutdown() { return e.isShutdown(); }
public boolean isTerminated() { return e.isTerminated(); }
public boolean awaitTermination(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return e.awaitTermination(timeout, unit);
}
public Future submit(Runnable task) {
return e.submit(task);
}
public Future submit(Callable task) {
return e.submit(task);
}
public Future submit(Runnable task, T result) {
return e.submit(task, result);
}
public List> invokeAll(Collection> tasks)
throws InterruptedException {
return e.invokeAll(tasks);
}
public List> invokeAll(Collection> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException {
return e.invokeAll(tasks, timeout, unit);
}
public T invokeAny(Collection> tasks)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException {
return e.invokeAny(tasks);
}
public T invokeAny(Collection> tasks,
long timeout, TimeUnit unit)
throws InterruptedException, ExecutionException, TimeoutException {
return e.invokeAny(tasks, timeout, unit);
}
}
private SingleThreadExecutorWithExceptions() {}
}
医生的例子并没有给我想要的结果。
当线程进程被放弃(带有显式的interput();s)时，出现异常。
我也想保留这个“系统”。exit”的功能，一个正常的主线程有一个典型的抛出，我想这样程序员就不会被迫在代码上工作，而不得不担心它的上下文(…一个线程)，如果出现任何错误，它必须是一个编程错误，或者这种情况必须解决的地方，手动捕获…没有必要过于复杂。
所以我修改了代码来满足我的需要。
@Override
protected void afterExecute(Runnable r, Throwable t) {
super.afterExecute(r, t);
if (t == null && r instanceof Future<?>) {
Future<?> future = (Future<?>) r;
boolean terminate = false;
try {
future.get();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
terminate = true;
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (InterruptedException | CancellationException ie) {// ignore/reset
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
} finally {
if (terminate) System.exit(0);
}
}
}
但是要小心，这段代码基本上将你的线程转换为主线程异常，同时保持所有的并行属性…但是让我们面对现实，在系统的并行机制(扩展Thread)的功能上设计架构是错误的方法……除非严格要求使用事件驱动设计....但后来…如果这是需求，那么问题是:在这种情况下是否需要ExecutorService ?……也许不是。
如果你的ExecutorService来自外部源(即不可能子类化ThreadPoolExecutor并覆盖afterExecute())，你可以使用动态代理来实现所需的行为:
public static ExecutorService errorAware(final ExecutorService executor) {
return (ExecutorService) Proxy.newProxyInstance(Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader(),
new Class[] {ExecutorService.class},
(proxy, method, args) -> {
if (method.getName().equals("submit")) {
final Object arg0 = args[0];
if (arg0 instanceof Runnable) {
args[0] = new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
final Runnable task = (Runnable) arg0;
try {
task.run();
if (task instanceof Future<?>) {
final Future<?> future = (Future<?>) task;
if (future.isDone()) {
try {
future.get();
} catch (final CancellationException ce) {
// Your error-handling code here
ce.printStackTrace();
} catch (final ExecutionException ee) {
// Your error-handling code here
ee.getCause().printStackTrace();
} catch (final InterruptedException ie) {
Thread.currentThread().interrupt();
}
}
}
} catch (final RuntimeException re) {
// Your error-handling code here
re.printStackTrace();
throw re;
} catch (final Error e) {
// Your error-handling code here
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
}
};
} else if (arg0 instanceof Callable<?>) {
args[0] = new Callable<Object>() {
@Override
public Object call() throws Exception {
final Callable<?> task = (Callable<?>) arg0;
try {
return task.call();
} catch (final Exception e) {
// Your error-handling code here
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
} catch (final Error e) {
// Your error-handling code here
e.printStackTrace();
throw e;
}
}
};
}
}
return method.invoke(executor, args);
});
}
