我的问题与此类似:
ASP。NET MVC 4缩小和背景图像
除了我想坚持MVC自己的捆绑如果我可以的话。我有一个大脑崩溃试图找出什么是正确的模式是指定样式包，如独立的css和图像集，如jQuery UI工作。
我有一个典型的MVC网站结构与/Content/css包含我的基本css，如样式。css。在css文件夹中，我还有子文件夹，如/jquery-ui，其中包含css文件和/images文件夹。jQuery UI CSS中的图像路径是相对于该文件夹的，我不想打乱它们。
根据我的理解，当我指定StyleBundle时，我需要指定一个虚拟路径，它也不匹配真实的内容路径，因为(假设我忽略了到内容的路由)IIS将尝试将该路径解析为物理文件。所以我指定:
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/styles/jquery-ui")
.Include("~/Content/css/jquery-ui/*.css"));
呈现的使用:
@Styles.Render("~/Content/styles/jquery-ui")
我可以看到请求发送到:
http://localhost/MySite/Content/styles/jquery-ui?v=nL_6HPFtzoqrts9nwrtjq0VQFYnhMjY5EopXsK8cxmg1
这将返回正确的、最小化的CSS响应。
但随后浏览器会发送一个相对链接图像的请求，如下:
http://localhost/MySite/Content/styles/images/ui-bg_highlight-soft_100_eeeeee_1x100.png
这是404。
我知道我的URL jquery-ui的最后一部分是一个无扩展的URL，我的包的处理程序，所以我可以看到为什么图像的相对请求是简单的/styles/images/。
所以我的问题是，怎样处理这种情况才是正确的?
根据MVC4 css bundle和图片引用的这个线程，如果你定义你的bundle为:
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/css/jquery-ui/bundle")
.Include("~/Content/css/jquery-ui/*.css"));
如果将bundle定义在与组成bundle的源文件相同的路径上，则相对映像路径仍然有效。bundle路径的最后一部分实际上是特定bundle的文件名(例如，/bundle可以是您喜欢的任何名称)。
这只在你将CSS从同一个文件夹中捆绑在一起时才有效(我认为从捆绑的角度来看这是有意义的)。
更新
根据下面@Hao Kung的评论，这也可以通过应用CssRewriteUrlTransformation(在捆绑时更改CSS文件的相对URL引用)来实现。
注意:我还没有确认关于重写到虚拟目录中的绝对路径的问题的评论，所以这可能不适用于每个人(?)
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/css/jquery-ui/bundle")
.Include("~/Content/css/jquery-ui/*.css",
new CssRewriteUrlTransform()));
更好的是(IMHO)实现一个自定义Bundle来修复图像路径。我为我的应用程序写了一个。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using IO = System.IO;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Optimization;
...
public class StyleImagePathBundle : Bundle
{
public StyleImagePathBundle(string virtualPath)
: base(virtualPath, new IBundleTransform[1]
{
(IBundleTransform) new CssMinify()
})
{
}
public StyleImagePathBundle(string virtualPath, string cdnPath)
: base(virtualPath, cdnPath, new IBundleTransform[1]
{
(IBundleTransform) new CssMinify()
})
{
}
public new Bundle Include(params string[] virtualPaths)
{
if (HttpContext.Current.IsDebuggingEnabled)
{
// Debugging. Bundling will not occur so act normal and no one gets hurt.
base.Include(virtualPaths.ToArray());
return this;
}
// In production mode so CSS will be bundled. Correct image paths.
var bundlePaths = new List<string>();
var svr = HttpContext.Current.Server;
foreach (var path in virtualPaths)
{
var pattern = new Regex(@"url\s*\(\s*([""']?)([^:)]+)\1\s*\)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
var contents = IO.File.ReadAllText(svr.MapPath(path));
if(!pattern.IsMatch(contents))
{
bundlePaths.Add(path);
continue;
}
var bundlePath = (IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(path) ?? string.Empty).Replace(@"\", "/") + "/";
var bundleUrlPath = VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute(bundlePath);
var bundleFilePath = String.Format("{0}{1}.bundle{2}",
bundlePath,
IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path),
IO.Path.GetExtension(path));
contents = pattern.Replace(contents, "url($1" + bundleUrlPath + "$2$1)");
IO.File.WriteAllText(svr.MapPath(bundleFilePath), contents);
bundlePaths.Add(bundleFilePath);
}
base.Include(bundlePaths.ToArray());
return this;
}
}
要使用它，请执行:
bundles.Add(new StyleImagePathBundle("~/bundles/css").Include(
"~/This/Is/Some/Folder/Path/layout.css"));
.．.而不是……
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/bundles/css").Include(
"~/This/Is/Some/Folder/Path/layout.css"));
What it does is (when not in debug mode) looks for url(<something>) and replaces it with url(<absolute\path\to\something>). I wrote the thing about 10 seconds ago so it might need a little tweaking. I've taken into account fully-qualified URLs and base64 DataURIs by making sure there's no colons (:) in the URL path. In our environment, images normally reside in the same folder as their css files, but I've tested it with both parent folders (url(../someFile.png)) and child folders (url(someFolder/someFile.png).
咧嘴笑的方法很好。
但是，当url中有父文件夹相对引用时，它对我不起作用。
例如,url(. . / . . /图片/ car.png)
因此，我稍微改变了Include方法，以便为每个正则匹配解析路径，允许相对路径，也可以选择将图像嵌入到css中。
我还更改了IF DEBUG检查BundleTable。EnableOptimizations而不是HttpContext.Current.IsDebuggingEnabled。
public new Bundle Include(params string[] virtualPaths)
{
if (!BundleTable.EnableOptimizations)
{
// Debugging. Bundling will not occur so act normal and no one gets hurt.
base.Include(virtualPaths.ToArray());
return this;
}
var bundlePaths = new List<string>();
var server = HttpContext.Current.Server;
var pattern = new Regex(@"url\s*\(\s*([""']?)([^:)]+)\1\s*\)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
foreach (var path in virtualPaths)
{
var contents = File.ReadAllText(server.MapPath(path));
var matches = pattern.Matches(contents);
// Ignore the file if no matches
if (matches.Count == 0)
{
bundlePaths.Add(path);
continue;
}
var bundlePath = (System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(path) ?? string.Empty).Replace(@"\", "/") + "/";
var bundleUrlPath = VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute(bundlePath);
var bundleFilePath = string.Format("{0}{1}.bundle{2}",
bundlePath,
System.IO.Path.GetFileNameWithoutExtension(path),
System.IO.Path.GetExtension(path));
// Transform the url (works with relative path to parent folder "../")
contents = pattern.Replace(contents, m =>
{
var relativeUrl = m.Groups[2].Value;
var urlReplace = GetUrlReplace(bundleUrlPath, relativeUrl, server);
return string.Format("url({0}{1}{0})", m.Groups[1].Value, urlReplace);
});
File.WriteAllText(server.MapPath(bundleFilePath), contents);
bundlePaths.Add(bundleFilePath);
}
base.Include(bundlePaths.ToArray());
return this;
}
private string GetUrlReplace(string bundleUrlPath, string relativeUrl, HttpServerUtility server)
{
// Return the absolute uri
Uri baseUri = new Uri("http://dummy.org");
var absoluteUrl = new Uri(new Uri(baseUri, bundleUrlPath), relativeUrl).AbsolutePath;
var localPath = server.MapPath(absoluteUrl);
if (IsEmbedEnabled && File.Exists(localPath))
{
var fi = new FileInfo(localPath);
if (fi.Length < 0x4000)
{
// Embed the image in uri
string contentType = GetContentType(fi.Extension);
if (null != contentType)
{
var base64 = Convert.ToBase64String(File.ReadAllBytes(localPath));
// Return the serialized image
return string.Format("data:{0};base64,{1}", contentType, base64);
}
}
}
// Return the absolute uri
return absoluteUrl;
}
希望能有所帮助，敬礼。
Grinn / ThePirat解决方案效果很好。
我不喜欢它的新包括方法在捆绑，并在内容目录中创建临时文件。(它们最终被检入、部署，然后服务无法启动!)
因此，为了遵循捆绑的设计，我选择执行本质上相同的代码，但在IBundleTransform实现中::
class StyleRelativePathTransform
: IBundleTransform
{
public StyleRelativePathTransform()
{
}
public void Process(BundleContext context, BundleResponse response)
{
response.Content = String.Empty;
Regex pattern = new Regex(@"url\s*\(\s*([""']?)([^:)]+)\1\s*\)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
// open each of the files
foreach (FileInfo cssFileInfo in response.Files)
{
if (cssFileInfo.Exists)
{
// apply the RegEx to the file (to change relative paths)
string contents = File.ReadAllText(cssFileInfo.FullName);
MatchCollection matches = pattern.Matches(contents);
// Ignore the file if no match
if (matches.Count > 0)
{
string cssFilePath = cssFileInfo.DirectoryName;
string cssVirtualPath = context.HttpContext.RelativeFromAbsolutePath(cssFilePath);
foreach (Match match in matches)
{
// this is a path that is relative to the CSS file
string relativeToCSS = match.Groups[2].Value;
// combine the relative path to the cssAbsolute
string absoluteToUrl = Path.GetFullPath(Path.Combine(cssFilePath, relativeToCSS));
// make this server relative
string serverRelativeUrl = context.HttpContext.RelativeFromAbsolutePath(absoluteToUrl);
string quote = match.Groups[1].Value;
string replace = String.Format("url({0}{1}{0})", quote, serverRelativeUrl);
contents = contents.Replace(match.Groups[0].Value, replace);
}
}
// copy the result into the response.
response.Content = String.Format("{0}\r\n{1}", response.Content, contents);
}
}
}
}
然后将其封装在一个Bundle实现中:
public class StyleImagePathBundle
: Bundle
{
public StyleImagePathBundle(string virtualPath)
: base(virtualPath)
{
base.Transforms.Add(new StyleRelativePathTransform());
base.Transforms.Add(new CssMinify());
}
public StyleImagePathBundle(string virtualPath, string cdnPath)
: base(virtualPath, cdnPath)
{
base.Transforms.Add(new StyleRelativePathTransform());
base.Transforms.Add(new CssMinify());
}
}
示例用法:
static void RegisterBundles(BundleCollection bundles)
{
...
bundles.Add(new StyleImagePathBundle("~/bundles/Bootstrap")
.Include(
"~/Content/css/bootstrap.css",
"~/Content/css/bootstrap-responsive.css",
"~/Content/css/jquery.fancybox.css",
"~/Content/css/style.css",
"~/Content/css/error.css",
"~/Content/validation.css"
));
下面是我的RelativeFromAbsolutePath扩展方法:
public static string RelativeFromAbsolutePath(this HttpContextBase context, string path)
{
var request = context.Request;
var applicationPath = request.PhysicalApplicationPath;
var virtualDir = request.ApplicationPath;
virtualDir = virtualDir == "/" ? virtualDir : (virtualDir + "/");
return path.Replace(applicationPath, virtualDir).Replace(@"\", "/");
}
从v1.1.0-alpha1(预发布包)开始，框架使用VirtualPathProvider来访问文件，而不是接触物理文件系统。
更新后的变压器如下所示:
public class StyleRelativePathTransform
: IBundleTransform
{
public void Process(BundleContext context, BundleResponse response)
{
Regex pattern = new Regex(@"url\s*\(\s*([""']?)([^:)]+)\1\s*\)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase);
response.Content = string.Empty;
// open each of the files
foreach (var file in response.Files)
{
using (var reader = new StreamReader(file.Open()))
{
var contents = reader.ReadToEnd();
// apply the RegEx to the file (to change relative paths)
var matches = pattern.Matches(contents);
if (matches.Count > 0)
{
var directoryPath = VirtualPathUtility.GetDirectory(file.VirtualPath);
foreach (Match match in matches)
{
// this is a path that is relative to the CSS file
var imageRelativePath = match.Groups[2].Value;
// get the image virtual path
var imageVirtualPath = VirtualPathUtility.Combine(directoryPath, imageRelativePath);
// convert the image virtual path to absolute
var quote = match.Groups[1].Value;
var replace = String.Format("url({0}{1}{0})", quote, VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute(imageVirtualPath));
contents = contents.Replace(match.Groups[0].Value, replace);
}
}
// copy the result into the response.
response.Content = String.Format("{0}\r\n{1}", response.Content, contents);
}
}
}
}
这是一个Bundle Transform，它将用相对于css文件的url替换css url。只要把它添加到你的bundle中，它就会解决这个问题。
public class CssUrlTransform: IBundleTransform
{
public void Process(BundleContext context, BundleResponse response) {
Regex exp = new Regex(@"url\([^\)]+\)", RegexOptions.IgnoreCase | RegexOptions.Singleline);
foreach (FileInfo css in response.Files) {
string cssAppRelativePath = css.FullName.Replace(context.HttpContext.Request.PhysicalApplicationPath, context.HttpContext.Request.ApplicationPath).Replace(Path.DirectorySeparatorChar, '/');
string cssDir = cssAppRelativePath.Substring(0, cssAppRelativePath.LastIndexOf('/'));
response.Content = exp.Replace(response.Content, m => TransformUrl(m, cssDir));
}
}
private string TransformUrl(Match match, string cssDir) {
string url = match.Value.Substring(4, match.Length - 5).Trim('\'', '"');
if (url.StartsWith("http://") || url.StartsWith("data:image")) return match.Value;
if (!url.StartsWith("/"))
url = string.Format("{0}/{1}", cssDir, url);
return string.Format("url({0})", url);
}
}
没有必要指定转换或使用疯狂的子目录路径。经过大量的故障排除后，我将其隔离到这个“简单”规则中(这是一个bug吗?)……
如果您的包路径不是以包含的项目的相对根开始，那么web应用程序根将不会被考虑在内。
对我来说，听起来更像是一个bug，但无论如何，这就是你在当前的。net 4.51版本中修复它的方法。也许其他的答案对于旧的ASP是必要的。NET构建，不能说没有时间对所有这些进行回顾性测试。
为了澄清，这里有一个例子:
我有这些文件…
~/Content/Images/Backgrounds/Some_Background_Tile.gif
~/Content/Site.css - references the background image relatively, i.e. background: url('Images/...')
然后像这样设置bundle…
BundleTable.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Bundles/Styles").Include("~/Content/Site.css"));
然后渲染成…
@Styles.Render("~/Bundles/Styles")
并获得“行为”(bug)， CSS文件本身有应用程序根(例如。“http://localhost:1234/MySite/Content/Site.css”)，但CSS图像内都开始“/Content/Images/…”或“/Images/…”，这取决于我是否添加转换。
甚至尝试创建“Bundles”文件夹，看看它是否与路径存在或不存在有关，但这并没有改变任何东西。该问题的解决方案实际上是要求包的名称必须以路径根开头。
这意味着这个例子通过像..这样注册和呈现bundle路径来修复。
BundleTable.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/StylesBundle").Include("~/Content/Site.css"));
...
@Styles.Render("~/Content/StylesBundle")
所以你当然可以说这是RTFM，但我很确定我和其他人从默认模板或MSDN或ASP文档的某处获取了这个“~/Bundles/…”路径。NET网站，或者只是偶然发现的，因为它实际上是一个非常符合逻辑的虚拟路径名称，选择这样的虚拟路径是有意义的，因为它与实际目录不冲突。
不管怎样，事情就是这样。微软没有发现漏洞。我不同意这一点，要么它应该像预期的那样工作，要么抛出一些异常，要么额外重写添加bundle路径，选择包含应用程序根或不包含根。我无法想象为什么有人不希望包含一个应用程序根(通常情况下，除非你安装了一个DNS别名/默认的网站根)。这应该是默认值。
我有这个问题与捆绑有不正确的路径的图像和CssRewriteUrlTransform不解决相对父路径..正确(也有外部资源的问题，如webfonts)。这就是为什么我写了这个自定义转换(似乎正确地完成了上面所有的工作):
public class CssRewriteUrlTransform2 : IItemTransform
{
public string Process(string includedVirtualPath, string input)
{
var pathParts = includedVirtualPath.Replace("~/", "/").Split('/');
pathParts = pathParts.Take(pathParts.Count() - 1).ToArray();
return Regex.Replace
(
input,
@"(url\(['""]?)((?:\/??\.\.)*)(.*?)(['""]?\))",
m =>
{
// Somehow assigning this to a variable is faster than directly returning the output
var output =
(
// Check if it's an aboslute url or base64
m.Groups[3].Value.IndexOf(':') == -1 ?
(
m.Groups[1].Value +
(
(
(
m.Groups[2].Value.Length > 0 ||
!m.Groups[3].Value.StartsWith('/')
)
) ?
string.Join("/", pathParts.Take(pathParts.Count() - m.Groups[2].Value.Count(".."))) :
""
) +
(!m.Groups[3].Value.StartsWith('/') ? "/" + m.Groups[3].Value : m.Groups[3].Value) +
m.Groups[4].Value
) :
m.Groups[0].Value
);
return output;
}
);
}
}
编辑:我没有意识到，但我在代码中使用了一些自定义扩展方法。它们的源代码是:
/// <summary>
/// Based on: http://stackoverflow.com/a/11773674
/// </summary>
public static int Count(this string source, string substring)
{
int count = 0, n = 0;
while ((n = source.IndexOf(substring, n, StringComparison.InvariantCulture)) != -1)
{
n += substring.Length;
++count;
}
return count;
}
public static bool StartsWith(this string source, char value)
{
if (source.Length == 0)
{
return false;
}
return source[0] == value;
}
当然，应该可以将string . startswith (char)替换为string . startswith (string)。
虽然Chris Baxter的回答有助于解决原始问题，但当应用程序托管在虚拟目录中时，它在我的情况下不起作用。在研究了这些选项之后，我完成了DIY解决方案。
ProperStyleBundle类包括从原始CssRewriteUrlTransform中借来的代码，用于正确转换虚拟目录中的相对路径。如果文件不存在，它也会抛出，并阻止bundle中的文件重新排序(代码取自BetterStyleBundle)。
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.IO;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Optimization;
using System.Linq;
namespace MyNamespace
{
public class ProperStyleBundle : StyleBundle
{
public override IBundleOrderer Orderer
{
get { return new NonOrderingBundleOrderer(); }
set { throw new Exception( "Unable to override Non-Ordered bundler" ); }
}
public ProperStyleBundle( string virtualPath ) : base( virtualPath ) {}
public ProperStyleBundle( string virtualPath, string cdnPath ) : base( virtualPath, cdnPath ) {}
public override Bundle Include( params string[] virtualPaths )
{
foreach ( var virtualPath in virtualPaths ) {
this.Include( virtualPath );
}
return this;
}
public override Bundle Include( string virtualPath, params IItemTransform[] transforms )
{
var realPath = System.Web.Hosting.HostingEnvironment.MapPath( virtualPath );
if( !File.Exists( realPath ) )
{
throw new FileNotFoundException( "Virtual path not found: " + virtualPath );
}
var trans = new List<IItemTransform>( transforms ).Union( new[] { new ProperCssRewriteUrlTransform( virtualPath ) } ).ToArray();
return base.Include( virtualPath, trans );
}
// This provides files in the same order as they have been added.
private class NonOrderingBundleOrderer : IBundleOrderer
{
public IEnumerable<BundleFile> OrderFiles( BundleContext context, IEnumerable<BundleFile> files )
{
return files;
}
}
private class ProperCssRewriteUrlTransform : IItemTransform
{
private readonly string _basePath;
public ProperCssRewriteUrlTransform( string basePath )
{
_basePath = basePath.EndsWith( "/" ) ? basePath : VirtualPathUtility.GetDirectory( basePath );
}
public string Process( string includedVirtualPath, string input )
{
if ( includedVirtualPath == null ) {
throw new ArgumentNullException( "includedVirtualPath" );
}
return ConvertUrlsToAbsolute( _basePath, input );
}
private static string RebaseUrlToAbsolute( string baseUrl, string url )
{
if ( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( url )
|| string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( baseUrl )
|| url.StartsWith( "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase )
|| url.StartsWith( "data:", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase )
) {
return url;
}
if ( !baseUrl.EndsWith( "/", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase ) ) {
baseUrl = baseUrl + "/";
}
return VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute( baseUrl + url );
}
private static string ConvertUrlsToAbsolute( string baseUrl, string content )
{
if ( string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace( content ) ) {
return content;
}
return new Regex( "url\\(['\"]?(?<url>[^)]+?)['\"]?\\)" )
.Replace( content, ( match =>
"url(" + RebaseUrlToAbsolute( baseUrl, match.Groups["url"].Value ) + ")" ) );
}
}
}
}
像StyleBundle一样使用它:
bundles.Add( new ProperStyleBundle( "~/styles/ui" )
.Include( "~/Content/Themes/cm_default/style.css" )
.Include( "~/Content/themes/custom-theme/jquery-ui-1.8.23.custom.css" )
.Include( "~/Content/DataTables-1.9.4/media/css/jquery.dataTables.css" )
.Include( "~/Content/DataTables-1.9.4/extras/TableTools/media/css/TableTools.css" ) );
也许我有偏见，但我很喜欢我的解决方案，因为它不做任何转换，正则表达式等，它有最少的代码:)
这适用于作为IIS网站中的虚拟目录托管的网站和作为IIS上的根网站托管的网站
所以我创建了一个IItemTransform的实现，封装了CssRewriteUrlTransform，并使用VirtualPathUtility来修复路径并调用现有的代码:
/// <summary>
/// Is a wrapper class over CssRewriteUrlTransform to fix url's in css files for sites on IIS within Virutal Directories
/// and sites at the Root level
/// </summary>
public class CssUrlTransformWrapper : IItemTransform
{
private readonly CssRewriteUrlTransform _cssRewriteUrlTransform;
public CssUrlTransformWrapper()
{
_cssRewriteUrlTransform = new CssRewriteUrlTransform();
}
public string Process(string includedVirtualPath, string input)
{
return _cssRewriteUrlTransform.Process("~" + VirtualPathUtility.ToAbsolute(includedVirtualPath), input);
}
}
//App_Start.cs
public static void Start()
{
BundleTable.Bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/bundles/fontawesome")
.Include("~/content/font-awesome.css", new CssUrlTransformWrapper()));
}
似乎对我很有效?
只需要记住在一个包中修复多个CSS包含，例如:
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/styles/jquery-ui")
.Include("~/Content/css/path1/somestyle1.css", "~/Content/css/path2/somestyle2.css"));
你不能只添加新的CssRewriteUrlTransform()到末尾，因为你可以用一个CSS文件的方法不支持它，所以你必须多次使用Include:
bundles.Add(new StyleBundle("~/Content/styles/jquery-ui")
.Include("~/Content/css/path1/somestyle1.css", new CssRewriteUrlTransform())
.Include("~/Content/css/path2/somestyle2.css", new CssRewriteUrlTransform()));
