我知道我迟到了几年，但我遇到了这个问题，并采取了一种非传统的方法。我想在不创建新类的情况下做到这一点，所以我想到了:

int x = 0;
new Thread((new Runnable() {
     int x;
     public void run() {
        // stuff with x and whatever else you want
     }
     public Runnable pass(int x) {
           this.x = x;
           return this;
     }
}).pass(x)).start();

要创建线程，通常需要创建自己的Runnable实现。在该类的构造函数中将参数传递给线程。

class MyThread implements Runnable{
   private int a;
   private String b;
   private double c;

   public MyThread(int a, String b, double c){
      this.a = a;
      this.b = b;
      this.c = c;
   }

   public void run(){
      doSomething(a, b, c);
   }
}

要么编写一个实现Runnable的类，并在适当定义的构造函数中传递所需的任何内容，要么编写一个使用适当定义的构造函数来扩展Thread的类，该构造函数使用适当的参数调用super()。

从Java 8开始，您可以使用lambda来捕获有效的final参数。例如:

final String param1 = "First param";
final int param2 = 2;
new Thread(() -> {
    // Do whatever you want here: param1 and param2 are in-scope!
    System.out.println(param1);
    System.out.println(param2);
}).start();

参数通过start()和run()方法传递:

// Tester
public static void main(String... args) throws Exception {
    ThreadType2 t = new ThreadType2(new RunnableType2(){
        public void run(Object object) {
            System.out.println("Parameter="+object);
        }});
    t.start("the parameter");
}

// New class 1 of 2
public class ThreadType2 {
    final private Thread thread;
    private Object objectIn = null;
    ThreadType2(final RunnableType2 runnableType2) {
        thread = new Thread(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                runnableType2.run(objectIn);
            }});
    }
    public void start(final Object object) {
        this.objectIn = object;
        thread.start();
    }
    // If you want to do things like setDaemon(true); 
    public Thread getThread() {
        return thread;
    }
}

// New class 2 of 2
public interface RunnableType2 {
    public void run(Object object);
}

这个答案来得很晚，但也许有人会觉得它有用。它是关于如何在不声明命名类的情况下将参数传递给Runnable(对于内联程序来说很方便):

    String someValue = "Just a demo, really...";

    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        private String myParam;

        public Runnable init(String myParam) {
            this.myParam = myParam;
            return this;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("This is called from another thread.");
            System.out.println(this.myParam);
        }
    }.init(someValue)).start();

当然，您可以将start的执行推迟到某个更方便或合适的时刻。这取决于你init方法的签名(所以它可能需要更多和/或不同的参数)，当然甚至它的名字，但基本上你得到了一个想法。

事实上，还有另一种将参数传递给匿名类的方法，即使用初始化块。考虑一下:

    String someValue = "Another demo, no serious thing...";
    int anotherValue = 42;

    new Thread(new Runnable() {
        private String myParam;
        private int myOtherParam;
        // instance initializer
        {
            this.myParam = someValue;
            this.myOtherParam = anotherValue;
        }

        @Override
        public void run() {
            System.out.println("This comes from another thread.");
            System.out.println(this.myParam + ", " + this.myOtherParam);
        }
    }).start();

所有都发生在初始化程序块内部。