Numpy可以使用roll命令做到这一点:

>>> import numpy
>>> a=numpy.arange(1,10) #Generate some data
>>> numpy.roll(a,1)
array([9, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8])
>>> numpy.roll(a,-1)
array([2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1])
>>> numpy.roll(a,5)
array([5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 1, 2, 3, 4])
>>> numpy.roll(a,9)
array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9])

我能想到的最简单的方法:

a.append(a.pop(0))

以下函数将发送的列表复制到templist，这样pop函数不会影响原始列表:

def shift(lst, n, toreverse=False):
    templist = []
    for i in lst: templist.append(i)
    if toreverse:
        for i in range(n):  templist = [templist.pop()]+templist
    else:
        for i in range(n):  templist = templist+[templist.pop(0)]
    return templist

测试:

lst = [1,2,3,4,5]
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 1:", shift(lst,1))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 7:", shift(lst,7))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 1 reverse:", shift(lst,1, True))
print("lst=", lst)
print("shift by 7 reverse:", shift(lst,7, True))
print("lst=", lst)

输出:

lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 1: [2, 3, 4, 5, 1]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 7: [3, 4, 5, 1, 2]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 1 reverse: [5, 1, 2, 3, 4]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
shift by 7 reverse: [4, 5, 1, 2, 3]
lst= [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

如果效率是你的目标，(周期?内存?)，您最好查看数组模块:http://docs.python.org/library/array.html

数组没有列表的开销。

就纯粹的列表而言，你所拥有的就是你所希望做的。

我不知道这是否“有效”，但它也有效:

x = [1,2,3,4]
x.insert(0,x.pop())

编辑:再次你好，我刚刚发现这个解决方案的一个大问题! 考虑下面的代码:

class MyClass():
    def __init__(self):
        self.classlist = []

    def shift_classlist(self): # right-shift-operation
        self.classlist.insert(0, self.classlist.pop())

if __name__ == '__main__':
    otherlist = [1,2,3]
    x = MyClass()

    # this is where kind of a magic link is created...
    x.classlist = otherlist

    for ii in xrange(2): # just to do it 2 times
        print '\n\n\nbefore shift:'
        print '     x.classlist =', x.classlist
        print '     otherlist =', otherlist
        x.shift_classlist() 
        print 'after shift:'
        print '     x.classlist =', x.classlist
        print '     otherlist =', otherlist, '<-- SHOULD NOT HAVE BIN CHANGED!'

shift_classlist()方法执行的代码与我的x.insert(0,x.pop())-solution相同，otherlist是一个独立于类的列表。在将otherlist的内容传递给MyClass之后。Classlist列表，调用shift_classlist()也会改变otherlist列表:

控制台输出:

before shift:
     x.classlist = [1, 2, 3]
     otherlist = [1, 2, 3]
after shift:
     x.classlist = [3, 1, 2]
     otherlist = [3, 1, 2] <-- SHOULD NOT HAVE BIN CHANGED!



before shift:
     x.classlist = [3, 1, 2]
     otherlist = [3, 1, 2]
after shift:
     x.classlist = [2, 3, 1]
     otherlist = [2, 3, 1] <-- SHOULD NOT HAVE BIN CHANGED!

我使用Python 2.7。我不知道这是不是一个错误，但我认为更有可能是我误解了这里的一些东西。

有人知道为什么会这样吗?

我认为你有最有效的方法

def shift(l,n):
    n = n % len(l)  
    return l[-U:] + l[:-U]