我正在执行一个外部脚本,使用<脚本>内<头>。

现在,由于脚本在页面加载之前执行,我不能访问<body>等。我想在文档被“加载”(HTML完全下载并在ram中)后执行一些JavaScript。是否有任何事件,我可以挂钩到当我的脚本执行,这将在页面加载触发?


当前回答

使用YUI库(我喜欢它):

YAHOO.util.Event.onDOMReady(function(){
    //your code
});

便携又漂亮!然而,如果你不把YUI用于其他东西(参见它的文档),我会说它不值得使用。

注意:要使用此代码,您需要导入2个脚本

<script type="text/javascript" src="http://yui.yahooapis.com/2.7.0/build/yahoo/yahoo-min.js" ></script>
<script type="text/javascript" src="http://yui.yahooapis.com/2.7.0/build/event/event-min.js" ></script>

其他回答

你可以在主体中放置一个“onload”属性

...<body onload="myFunction()">...

或者如果您正在使用jQuery,您也可以这样做

$(document).ready(function(){ /*code here*/ }) 

or 

$(window).load(function(){ /*code here*/ })

我希望它能回答你的问题。

注意$(窗口)。加载将在页面上呈现文档之后执行。

正如Daniel所说,您可以使用document.onload。

然而,各种javascript框架(jQuery, Mootools等)使用一个自定义事件'domready',我猜这一定是更有效的。如果你使用javascript进行开发,我强烈建议你使用框架,这将极大地提高你的工作效率。

比较

在下面的片段中,我收集选择的方法并显示它们的序列。讲话

the document.onload (X) is not supported by any modern browser (event is never fired) if you use <body onload="bodyOnLoad()"> (F) and at the same time window.onload (E) then only first one will be executed (because it override second one) event handler given in <body onload="..."> (F) is wrapped by additional onload function document.onreadystatechange (D) not override document .addEventListener('readystatechange'...) (C) probably cecasue onXYZevent-like methods are independent than addEventListener queues (which allows add multiple listeners). Probably nothing happens between execution this two handlers. all scripts write their timestamp in console - but scripts which also have access to div write their timestamps also in body (click "Full Page" link after script execution to see it). solutions readystatechange (C,D) are executed multiple times by browser but for different document states: loading - the document is loading (no fired in snippet) interactive - the document is parsed, fired before DOMContentLoaded complete - the document and resources are loaded, fired before body/window onload

<html> <head> <script> // solution A console.log(`[timestamp: ${Date.now()}] A: Head script`); // solution B document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", () => { print(`[timestamp: ${Date.now()}] B: DOMContentLoaded`); }); // solution C document.addEventListener('readystatechange', () => { print(`[timestamp: ${Date.now()}] C: ReadyState: ${document.readyState}`); }); // solution D document.onreadystatechange = s=> {print(`[timestamp: ${Date.now()}] D: document.onreadystatechange ReadyState: ${document.readyState}`)}; // solution E (never executed) window.onload = () => { print(`E: <body onload="..."> override this handler`); }; // solution F function bodyOnLoad() { print(`[timestamp: ${Date.now()}] F: <body onload='...'>`); infoAboutOnLoad(); // additional info } // solution X document.onload = () => {print(`document.onload is never fired`)}; // HELPERS function print(txt) { console.log(txt); if(mydiv) mydiv.innerHTML += txt.replace('<','&lt;').replace('>','&gt;') + '<br>'; } function infoAboutOnLoad() { console.log("window.onload (after override):", (''+document.body.onload).replace(/\s+/g,' ')); console.log(`body.onload==window.onload --> ${document.body.onload==window.onload}`); } console.log("window.onload (before override):", (''+document.body.onload).replace(/\s+/g,' ')); </script> </head> <body onload="bodyOnLoad()"> <div id="mydiv"></div> <!-- this script must te at the bottom of <body> --> <script> // solution G print(`[timestamp: ${Date.now()}] G: <body> bottom script`); </script> </body> </html>

合理的可移植,非框架的方式让你的脚本设置一个函数在加载时运行:

if(window.attachEvent) {
    window.attachEvent('onload', yourFunctionName);
} else {
    if(window.onload) {
        var curronload = window.onload;
        var newonload = function(evt) {
            curronload(evt);
            yourFunctionName(evt);
        };
        window.onload = newonload;
    } else {
        window.onload = yourFunctionName;
    }
}

如果脚本是在文档的<head>中加载的,那么可以在script标记中使用defer属性。

例子:

<script src="demo_defer.js" defer></script>

从https://developer.mozilla.org:

推迟 此布尔属性被设置为向浏览器指示脚本 意味着在解析文档之后执行,但在解析之前 发射DOMContentLoaded。内 如果src 属性不存在(即对于内联脚本),在这种情况下它会 没有效果。 为实现动态插入脚本使用的类似效果 异步= false。具有defer属性的脚本将在 它们在文档中出现的顺序。