In 1985, individuals from companies throughout the computer industry joined together to develop the POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments) standard, which is based largely on the UNIX System V Interface Definition (SVID) and other earlier standardization efforts. These efforts were spurred by the U.S. government, which needed a standard computing environment to minimize its training and procurement costs. Released in 1988, POSIX is a group of IEEE standards that define the API, shell, and utility interfaces for an operating system. Although aimed at UNIX-like systems, the standards can apply to any compatible operating system. Now that these stan- dards have gained acceptance, software developers are able to develop applications that run on all conforming versions of UNIX, Linux, and other operating systems.

摘自《Linux实用指南》

关于POSIX的一些事实并不那么明朗。

POSIX也是系统调用接口或API，它有将近30年的历史。

它被设计用于对本地存储的串行数据访问，使用具有单个cpu的单台计算机。

在POSIX的设计中，安全性并不是一个主要的问题，这导致了多年来大量的竞争条件攻击，迫使程序员绕过这些限制。

严重的错误仍在被发现，这些错误本可以通过更安全的POSIX API设计来避免。

POSIX期望用户一次发出一个同步调用，并在发出下一个调用之前等待它的结果。今天的程序员希望一次发出许多异步请求，以提高总体吞吐量。

这种同步API对于访问远程和云对象尤其不利，因为在这些地方，高延迟很重要。

Posix governs interoperability, portability, and in other areas such as the usage and mechanism of fork, permissions and filesystem standards such as /etc, /var, /usr and so on . Hence, when developers write a program under a Posix compliant system such as for example Linux, it is generally, not always, guaranteed to run on another posix compliant system such as IBM's AIX system or other commercial variants of Unix. Posix is a good thing to have as such it eases the software development for maximum portability which it strives for. Hope this answer makes sense.

感谢Jed Smith和Tinkertim指出我的错误——我的错!!：(

In 1985, individuals from companies throughout the computer industry joined together to develop the POSIX (Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments) standard, which is based largely on the UNIX System V Interface Definition (SVID) and other earlier standardization efforts. These efforts were spurred by the U.S. government, which needed a standard computing environment to minimize its training and procurement costs. Released in 1988, POSIX is a group of IEEE standards that define the API, shell, and utility interfaces for an operating system. Although aimed at UNIX-like systems, the standards can apply to any compatible operating system. Now that these stan- dards have gained acceptance, software developers are able to develop applications that run on all conforming versions of UNIX, Linux, and other operating systems.

摘自《Linux实用指南》

POSIX是IEEE指定的一系列标准，用于阐明和统一Unix-y操作系统提供的应用程序编程接口(以及辅助问题，如命令行shell实用程序)。

当您编写依赖POSIX标准的程序时，您可以相当肯定地将它们轻松地移植到大量的Unix衍生产品中(包括Linux，但不限于它!);如果你使用的某些Linux API不是Posix的一部分，那么将来你想要将该程序或库移植到其他unix系统(例如MacOSX)时，你将会遇到困难。

POSIX是一种操作系统标准，旨在使编写跨平台软件变得更容易。这在Unix世界中是一件特别重要的事情。