下面的代码显示了你可以从System API得到的值，这些都可以通过这个API得到。

public class App {
    public static void main( String[] args ) {
        //Operating system name
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.name"));

        //Operating system version
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.version"));

        //Path separator character used in java.class.path
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("path.separator"));

        //User working directory
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.dir"));

        //User home directory
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.home"));

        //User account name
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("user.name"));

        //Operating system architecture
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("os.arch"));

        //Sequence used by operating system to separate lines in text files
        System.out.println(System.getProperty("line.separator"));

        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.version")); //JRE version number

        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.vendor.url")); //JRE vendor URL

        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.vendor")); //JRE vendor name

        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.home")); //Installation directory for Java Runtime Environment (JRE)

        System.out.println(System.getProperty("java.class.path"));

        System.out.println(System.getProperty("file.separator"));
    }
}

答案:-

Windows 7
6.1
;
C:\Users\user\Documents\workspace-eclipse\JavaExample
C:\Users\user
user
amd64


1.7.0_71
http://java.oracle.com/
Oracle Corporation
C:\Program Files\Java\jre7
C:\Users\user\Documents\workspace-Eclipse\JavaExample\target\classes
\

2008年10月:

我建议将它缓存到一个静态变量中:

public static final class OsUtils
{
   private static String OS = null;
   public static String getOsName()
   {
      if(OS == null) { OS = System.getProperty("os.name"); }
      return OS;
   }
   public static boolean isWindows()
   {
      return getOsName().startsWith("Windows");
   }

   public static boolean isUnix() // and so on
}

这样，每次请求o时，在应用程序的生命周期内只获取一次属性。

2016年2月:7年多后:

Windows 10有一个错误(在最初的答案时不存在)。 参见“Java的“os.name”for Windows 10?”

如果你对一个开源项目是如何做这些事情感兴趣，你可以看看Terracotta类(Os.java)在这里处理这些垃圾:

http://svn.terracotta.org/svn/tc/dso/trunk/code/base/common/src/com/tc/util/runtime/ http://svn.terracotta.org/svn/tc/dso/tags/2.6.4/code/base/common/src/com/tc/util/runtime/

你可以在这里看到类似的类来处理JVM版本(Vm.java和VmVersion.java):

http://svn.terracotta.org/svn/tc/dso/trunk/common/src/main/java/com/tc/util/runtime/

String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
System.out.println("Operating system " + osName);

我喜欢沃尔夫冈的回答，只是因为我相信这样的事情应该是consts……

所以我把它重新措辞了一下，并想分享一下:)

/**
 * types of Operating Systems
 *
 * please keep the note below as a pseudo-license
 *
 * helper class to check the operating system this Java VM runs in
 * http://stackoverflow.com/questions/228477/how-do-i-programmatically-determine-operating-system-in-java
 * compare to http://svn.terracotta.org/svn/tc/dso/tags/2.6.4/code/base/common/src/com/tc/util/runtime/Os.java
 * http://www.docjar.com/html/api/org/apache/commons/lang/SystemUtils.java.html
 */
public enum OSType {
    MacOS("mac", "darwin"),
    Windows("win"),
    Linux("nux"),
    Other("generic");

    private static OSType detectedOS;

    private final String[] keys;

    private OSType(String... keys) {
        this.keys = keys;
    }

    private boolean match(String osKey) {
        for (int i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
            if (osKey.indexOf(keys[i]) != -1)
                return true;
        }
        return false;
    }

    public static OSType getOS_Type() {
        if (detectedOS == null)
            detectedOS = getOperatingSystemType(System.getProperty("os.name", Other.keys[0]).toLowerCase());
        return detectedOS;
    }

    private static OSType getOperatingSystemType(String osKey) {
        for (OSType osType : values()) {
            if (osType.match(osKey))
                return osType;
        }
        return Other;
    }
}

我发现Swingx的操作系统Utils可以完成这项工作。