如何使用PHP获取客户端IP地址?
我想通过他/她的IP地址登录到我的网站的用户的记录。
当前回答
以下是我发现的最先进的方法，我在过去已经尝试过其他一些方法。确保获得访问者的IP地址是有效的(但请注意，任何黑客都很容易伪造IP地址)。
function get_ip_address() {
// Check for shared Internet/ISP IP
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'])) {
return $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
}
// Check for IP addresses passing through proxies
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'])) {
// Check if multiple IP addresses exist in var
if (strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'], ',') !== false) {
$iplist = explode(',', $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']);
foreach ($iplist as $ip) {
if (validate_ip($ip))
return $ip;
}
}
else {
if (validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
}
}
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
if (!empty($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']) && validate_ip($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
return $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
// Return unreliable IP address since all else failed
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}
/**
* Ensures an IP address is both a valid IP address and does not fall within
* a private network range.
*/
function validate_ip($ip) {
if (strtolower($ip) === 'unknown')
return false;
// Generate IPv4 network address
$ip = ip2long($ip);
// If the IP address is set and not equivalent to 255.255.255.255
if ($ip !== false && $ip !== -1) {
// Make sure to get unsigned long representation of IP address
// due to discrepancies between 32 and 64 bit OSes and
// signed numbers (ints default to signed in PHP)
$ip = sprintf('%u', $ip);
// Do private network range checking
if ($ip >= 0 && $ip <= 50331647)
return false;
if ($ip >= 167772160 && $ip <= 184549375)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2130706432 && $ip <= 2147483647)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2851995648 && $ip <= 2852061183)
return false;
if ($ip >= 2886729728 && $ip <= 2887778303)
return false;
if ($ip >= 3221225984 && $ip <= 3221226239)
return false;
if ($ip >= 3232235520 && $ip <= 3232301055)
return false;
if ($ip >= 4294967040)
return false;
}
return true;
}
其他回答
我最喜欢的解决方案是Zend Framework 2使用的方式。它还考虑$_SERVER属性HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR, HTTP_CLIENT_IP, REMOTE_ADDR，但是它声明了一个类来设置一些可信代理，并且它返回一个IP地址而不是一个数组。我认为这是最接近它的解决方案:
class RemoteAddress
{
/**
* Whether to use proxy addresses or not.
*
* As default this setting is disabled - IP address is mostly needed to increase
* security. HTTP_* are not reliable since can easily be spoofed. It can be enabled
* just for more flexibility, but if user uses proxy to connect to trusted services
* it's his/her own risk, only reliable field for IP address is $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'].
*
* @var bool
*/
protected $useProxy = false;
/**
* List of trusted proxy IP addresses
*
* @var array
*/
protected $trustedProxies = array();
/**
* HTTP header to introspect for proxies
*
* @var string
*/
protected $proxyHeader = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR';
// [...]
/**
* Returns client IP address.
*
* @return string IP address.
*/
public function getIpAddress()
{
$ip = $this->getIpAddressFromProxy();
if ($ip) {
return $ip;
}
// direct IP address
if (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'])) {
return $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
}
return '';
}
/**
* Attempt to get the IP address for a proxied client
*
* @see http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-appsawg-http-forwarded-10#section-5.2
* @return false|string
*/
protected function getIpAddressFromProxy()
{
if (!$this->useProxy
|| (isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']) && !in_array($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'], $this->trustedProxies))
) {
return false;
}
$header = $this->proxyHeader;
if (!isset($_SERVER[$header]) || empty($_SERVER[$header])) {
return false;
}
// Extract IPs
$ips = explode(',', $_SERVER[$header]);
// trim, so we can compare against trusted proxies properly
$ips = array_map('trim', $ips);
// remove trusted proxy IPs
$ips = array_diff($ips, $this->trustedProxies);
// Any left?
if (empty($ips)) {
return false;
}
// Since we've removed any known, trusted proxy servers, the right-most
// address represents the first IP we do not know about -- i.e., we do
// not know if it is a proxy server, or a client. As such, we treat it
// as the originating IP.
// @see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Forwarded-For
$ip = array_pop($ips);
return $ip;
}
// [...]
}
在这里查看完整代码: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/zendframework/zend-http/master/src/PhpEnvironment/RemoteAddress.php
$ip = "";
if (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"]))
{
// Check for IP address from shared Internet
$ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_CLIENT_IP"];
}
elseif (!empty($_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"]))
{
// Check for the proxy user
$ip = $_SERVER["HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR"];
}
else
{
$ip = $_SERVER["REMOTE_ADDR"];
}
echo $ip;
正如所有其他人所说，你可以使用$_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];获取客户端IP地址。
另外，如果你需要一个用户的更多信息，你可以使用这个:
<?php
$ip = '0.0.0.0';
$ip = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
$clientDetails = json_decode(file_get_contents("http://ipinfo.io/$ip/json"));
echo "You're logged in from: <b>" . $clientDetails->country . "</b>";
?>
客户端更具体的信息放在$clientDetails中。 $clientDetails->PostalCode/hostname/region/loc…
我用的是ipinfo。IO来获取额外的信息。
如果您不喜欢使用If -else/switch语句，那么下面的解决方案适合您。
function get_client_ip()
{
$fields = array(
'HTTP_CF_CONNECTING_IP',
'HTTP_X_SUCURI_CLIENTIP',
'HTTP_CLIENT_IP',
'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR',
'HTTP_X_FORWARDED',
'HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR',
'HTTP_FORWARDED',
'REMOTE_ADDR',
// more custom fields
);
foreach ($fields as $ip_field) {
if (!empty($_SERVER[$ip_field])) {
return $_SERVER[$ip_field];
}
}
return null;
}
互联网背后有不同类型的用户，因此我们希望从不同的部分捕获IP地址。这些都是:
1. $ _SERVER [' REMOTE_ADDR '] - 其中包含客户端的真实IP地址。这是您可以从用户那里找到的最可靠的值。
2. $ _SERVER [' REMOTE_HOST '] - 这将获取用户正在查看当前页面的主机名。但是要使这个脚本工作，必须在httpd.conf中配置主机名查找。
3.$ _SERVER [' HTTP_CLIENT_IP '] - 当用户来自共享Internet服务时，这将获取IP地址。
4. $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'] -这将从用户获取IP地址时，他/她是后面的代理。
所以我们可以用下面这个组合函数从不同位置观看的用户那里得到真实的IP地址，
// Function to get the user IP address
function getUserIP() {
$ipaddress = '';
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_CLIENT_IP'];
else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR'];
else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED'];
else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_X_CLUSTER_CLIENT_IP'];
else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED_FOR'];
else if(isset($_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['HTTP_FORWARDED'];
else if(isset($_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR']))
$ipaddress = $_SERVER['REMOTE_ADDR'];
else
$ipaddress = 'UNKNOWN';
return $ipaddress;
}
