说这是“本地和全球”的区别并不完全准确。

最好将其视为“本地和最近”之间的区别。最近的肯定是全球性的，但情况并非总是如此。

/* global scope */
var local = true;
var global = true;

function outer() {
    /* local scope */
    var local = true;
    var global = false;

    /* nearest scope = outer */
    local = !global;

    function inner() {
        /* nearest scope = outer */
        local = false;
        global = false;

        /* nearest scope = undefined */
        /* defaults to defining a global */
        public = global;
    }
}

不使用“var”变量只能在设置值时定义。例如：

my_var;

不能在全局范围或任何其他范围内工作。它应该具有如下值：

my_var = "value";

另一方面，你可以定义一个可用的类；

var my_var;

它的值未定义（有趣的是，它的值不为null，也不等于null）。

我看到人们在声明带有或不带有var以及函数内部或外部的变量时感到困惑。下面是一个深入的示例，将指导您完成以下步骤：

请在jsfiddle查看下面的脚本

a = 1;// Defined outside the function without var
var b = 1;// Defined outside the function with var
alert("Starting outside of all functions... \n \n a, b defined but c, d not defined yet: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n \n (If I try to show the value of the undefined c or d, console.log would throw 'Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined' error and script would stop running!)");

function testVar1(){
    c = 1;// Defined inside the function without var
    var d = 1;// Defined inside the function with var
    alert("Now inside the 1. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);

    a = a + 5;
    b = b + 5;
    c = c + 5;
    d = d + 5;

    alert("After added values inside the 1. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);
};


testVar1();
alert("Run the 1. function again...");
testVar1();

function testVar2(){
    var d = 1;// Defined inside the function with var
    alert("Now inside the 2. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);

    a = a + 5;
    b = b + 5;
    c = c + 5;
    d = d + 5;

    alert("After added values inside the 2. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);
};

testVar2();

alert("Now outside of all functions... \n \n Final Values: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n You will not be able to see d here because then the value is requested, console.log would throw error 'Uncaught ReferenceError: d is not defined' and script would stop. \n ");
alert("**************\n Conclusion \n ************** \n \n 1. No matter declared with or without var (like a, b) if they get their value outside the function, they will preserve their value and also any other values that are added inside various functions through the script are preserved.\n 2. If the variable is declared without var inside a function (like c), it will act like the previous rule, it will preserve its value across all functions from now on. Either it got its first value in function testVar1() it still preserves the value and get additional value in function testVar2() \n 3. If the variable is declared with var inside a function only (like d in testVar1 or testVar2) it will will be undefined whenever the function ends. So it will be temporary variable in a function.");
alert("Now check console.log for the error when value d is requested next:");
alert(d);

结论无论是否声明有var（如a、b），如果它们在函数外部获取值，它们都将保留其值，并且通过脚本添加到各个函数内部的任何其他值也将保留。如果在函数（如c）中声明变量时没有var，它将像前面的规则一样，从现在起在所有函数中保留其值。要么在函数testVar1（）中获得第一个值，要么仍保留该值，并在函数testVar2（）中获取附加值如果变量仅在函数内部用var声明（如testVar1或testVar2中的d），则每当函数结束时，它都将是未定义的。所以它将是函数中的临时变量。

如果你在全球范围内，那就没有太大区别了。阅读Kangax的答案以获得解释

如果你在一个函数中，那幺var将创建一个局部变量，“no var”将查找作用域链，直到它找到变量或到达全局作用域（此时它将创建它）：

// These are both globals
var foo = 1;
bar = 2;

function()
{
    var foo = 1; // Local
    bar = 2;     // Global

    // Execute an anonymous function
    (function()
    {
        var wibble = 1; // Local
        foo = 2; // Inherits from scope above (creating a closure)
        moo = 3; // Global
    }())
}

如果您没有执行赋值，则需要使用var：

var x; // Declare x

另一个区别例如

var a = a || [] ; // works 

虽然

a = a || [] ; // a is undefined error.

我想说，在大多数情况下使用var更好。

局部变量总是比全局范围内的变量快。

如果不使用var声明变量，则该变量将在全局范围内。

有关更多信息，您可以在Google中搜索“范围链JavaScript”。