我看到人们在声明带有或不带有var以及函数内部或外部的变量时感到困惑。下面是一个深入的示例，将指导您完成以下步骤：

请在jsfiddle查看下面的脚本

a = 1;// Defined outside the function without var
var b = 1;// Defined outside the function with var
alert("Starting outside of all functions... \n \n a, b defined but c, d not defined yet: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n \n (If I try to show the value of the undefined c or d, console.log would throw 'Uncaught ReferenceError: c is not defined' error and script would stop running!)");

function testVar1(){
    c = 1;// Defined inside the function without var
    var d = 1;// Defined inside the function with var
    alert("Now inside the 1. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);

    a = a + 5;
    b = b + 5;
    c = c + 5;
    d = d + 5;

    alert("After added values inside the 1. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);
};


testVar1();
alert("Run the 1. function again...");
testVar1();

function testVar2(){
    var d = 1;// Defined inside the function with var
    alert("Now inside the 2. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);

    a = a + 5;
    b = b + 5;
    c = c + 5;
    d = d + 5;

    alert("After added values inside the 2. function: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n d:" + d);
};

testVar2();

alert("Now outside of all functions... \n \n Final Values: \n a:" + a + "\n b:" + b + "\n c:" + c + "\n You will not be able to see d here because then the value is requested, console.log would throw error 'Uncaught ReferenceError: d is not defined' and script would stop. \n ");
alert("**************\n Conclusion \n ************** \n \n 1. No matter declared with or without var (like a, b) if they get their value outside the function, they will preserve their value and also any other values that are added inside various functions through the script are preserved.\n 2. If the variable is declared without var inside a function (like c), it will act like the previous rule, it will preserve its value across all functions from now on. Either it got its first value in function testVar1() it still preserves the value and get additional value in function testVar2() \n 3. If the variable is declared with var inside a function only (like d in testVar1 or testVar2) it will will be undefined whenever the function ends. So it will be temporary variable in a function.");
alert("Now check console.log for the error when value d is requested next:");
alert(d);

结论无论是否声明有var（如a、b），如果它们在函数外部获取值，它们都将保留其值，并且通过脚本添加到各个函数内部的任何其他值也将保留。如果在函数（如c）中声明变量时没有var，它将像前面的规则一样，从现在起在所有函数中保留其值。要么在函数testVar1（）中获得第一个值，要么仍保留该值，并在函数testVar2（）中获取附加值如果变量仅在函数内部用var声明（如testVar1或testVar2中的d），则每当函数结束时，它都将是未定义的。所以它将是函数中的临时变量。

另一个区别例如

var a = a || [] ; // works 

虽然

a = a || [] ; // a is undefined error.

如果你在全球范围内，那就没有太大区别了。阅读Kangax的答案以获得解释

如果你在一个函数中，那幺var将创建一个局部变量，“no var”将查找作用域链，直到它找到变量或到达全局作用域（此时它将创建它）：

// These are both globals
var foo = 1;
bar = 2;

function()
{
    var foo = 1; // Local
    bar = 2;     // Global

    // Execute an anonymous function
    (function()
    {
        var wibble = 1; // Local
        foo = 2; // Inherits from scope above (creating a closure)
        moo = 3; // Global
    }())
}

如果您没有执行赋值，则需要使用var：

var x; // Declare x

在代码中，如果您使用变量而不使用var，则会自动将var_name放在全局范围中，例如：

someFunction() {
    var a = some_value; /*a has local scope and it cannot be accessed when this
    function is not active*/
    b = a; /*here it places "var b" at top of script i.e. gives b global scope or
    uses already defined global variable b */
}

不要使用var！

var是ES6之前声明变量的方法。我们现在在未来，你应该这样编码。

使用常量和let

约95%的病例应使用常量。它使变量引用不能更改，因此数组、对象和DOM节点财产可以更改，并且应该是常量。

let应该用于任何期望重新分配的变量。这包括在for循环中。如果在初始化之后写入varName=，请使用let。

这两种语言都具有块级作用域，正如大多数其他语言所期望的那样。

始终使用var关键字声明变量。为什么？良好的编码实践本身应该是足够的理由，但省略它意味着它是在全局范围内声明的（像这样的变量称为“隐含的”全局变量）。Douglas Crockford建议不要使用隐含的全局变量，并且根据Apple JavaScript编码指南：

在没有变量的情况下创建的任何变量关键字是在全局范围内创建的并且当函数返回（因为它没有超出范围），呈现内存泄漏的机会。