基于soap的Web服务 简而言之，基于soap的服务模型将世界视为一个由相互平等的对等点组成的生态系统，这些对等点不能相互控制，但必须通过遵守已发布的契约来共同工作。这是有效的 混乱的现实世界的模型，以及基于元数据的契约形成SOAP服务接口。

我们仍然可以将SOAP与基于xml的远程过程调用相关联，但是基于SOAP的Web服务技术已经成为一种灵活而强大的消息传递模型。

SOAP假定所有系统都是独立的，并且没有系统知道其他系统的内部信息和内部功能。 这样的系统最多能做的就是互相发送消息，并希望它们能被采取行动。系统发布它们承诺遵守的契约，而其他系统依赖这些契约与它们交换消息。

Contracts between systems are collectively called metadata, and comprise service descriptions, the message exchange patterns supported and the policies governing qualities of service (a service may need to be encrypted, reliably delivered, etc.) A service description, in turn, is a detailed specification of the data (message documents) that will be sent and received by the system. The documents are described using an XML description language like XML Schema Definition. As long as all systems honor their published contracts, they can inter operate, and changes to the internals of systems never affect any other. Every system is responsible for translating its own internal implementations to and from its contracts

REST -具象状态传输。物理 协议是HTTP。基本上，REST是指web上所有可以通过URL唯一识别的不同资源。可以在这些资源上执行的所有操作都可以用一组有限的动词(“CRUD”动词)来描述，这些动词又映射到HTTP动词。

REST的“重量级”比SOAP少得多。

web服务的工作

SOAP的问题在于它与HTTP栈背后的理想相冲突。任何中间件都应该能够在不了解请求或响应内容的情况下处理HTTP请求，但例如，常规的HTTP缓存服务器如果不知道SOAP内容的哪些部分与缓存有关，则无法处理SOAP请求。SOAP只是使用HTTP作为它自己的通信协议的包装器，就像代理一样。

我想这是我能解释得最简单的了。请，任何人都欢迎纠正我或补充这一点。

SOAP是一种消息格式，用于断开连接的系统(如通过internet)交换信息/数据。它处理来回的XML消息。

Web服务传输或接收SOAP消息。它们的工作方式因所用语言不同而不同。

关于SOAP和REST的简单解释

SOAP -“简单对象访问协议”

SOAP是一种在Internet上传输消息或少量信息的方法。SOAP消息是XML格式的，通常使用HTTP(超文本传输协议)发送。

休息-具象状态转移

Rest是一种在客户端和服务器之间发送和接收数据的简单方法，它没有定义很多标准。您可以以JSON、XML甚至纯文本的形式发送和接收数据。与SOAP相比，它是轻量级的。

我喜欢布莱恩·r·邦迪的回答。我只是想补充一点，维基百科对REST提供了清晰的描述。本文将它与SOAP区别开来。

REST是一种状态信息交换，尽可能简单地完成。

SOAP是一种使用XML的消息协议。

许多人从SOAP转向REST的主要原因之一是与基于SOAP的web服务相关的WS-*(称为WS splat)标准极其复杂。请参阅维基百科的规格列表。这些规范中的每一个都非常复杂。

编辑:由于某些原因链接不能正确显示。REST = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/REST

WS-* = http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WS-*

这两种方法都被许多大型公司采用。这是个人喜好的问题。我更喜欢REST，因为它更容易使用和理解。

简单对象访问协议(SOAP):

SOAP builds an XML protocol on top of HTTP or sometimes TCP/IP. SOAP describes functions, and types of data. SOAP is a successor of XML-RPC and is very similar, but describes a standard way to communicate. Several programming languages have native support for SOAP, you typically feed it a web service URL and you can call its web service functions without the need of specific code. Binary data that is sent must be encoded first into a format such as base64 encoded. Has several protocols and technologies relating to it: WSDL, XSDs, SOAP, WS-Addressing

具象状态转移(REST):

REST need not be over HTTP but most of my points below will have an HTTP bias. REST is very lightweight, it says wait a minute, we don't need all of this complexity that SOAP created. Typically uses normal HTTP methods instead of a big XML format describing everything. For example to obtain a resource you use HTTP GET, to put a resource on the server you use HTTP PUT. To delete a resource on the server you use HTTP DELETE. REST is a very simple in that it uses HTTP GET, POST and PUT methods to update resources on the server. REST typically is best used with Resource Oriented Architecture (ROA). In this mode of thinking everything is a resource, and you would operate on these resources. As long as your programming language has an HTTP library, and most do, you can consume a REST HTTP protocol very easily. Binary data or binary resources can simply be delivered upon their request.

在谷歌上有关于REST和SOAP的无休止的争论。

我最喜欢的是这个。 2013年11月27日更新:保罗·普莱斯科德的网站似乎已经下线，这篇文章不再可用，不过可以在Wayback Machine上找到副本，或者在CiteSeerX上以PDF格式找到。