from mechanize import Browser
br = Browser()
br.open('http://somewebpage')
html = br.response().readlines()
for line in html:
print line
当在HTML文件中打印一行时，我试图找到一种方法，只显示每个HTML元素的内容，而不是格式本身。如果它发现'<a href="等等。例如">some text</a>'，它只会打印'some text'， '<b>hello</b>'打印'hello'，等等。该怎么做呢?
当前回答
有一个简单的方法:
def remove_html_markup(s):
tag = False
quote = False
out = ""
for c in s:
if c == '<' and not quote:
tag = True
elif c == '>' and not quote:
tag = False
elif (c == '"' or c == "'") and tag:
quote = not quote
elif not tag:
out = out + c
return out
这里解释了这个想法:http://youtu.be/2tu9LTDujbw
你可以在这里看到它的工作:http://youtu.be/HPkNPcYed9M?t=35s
PS -如果你对这个课程(关于使用python进行智能调试)感兴趣，我给你一个链接:http://www.udacity.com/overview/Course/cs259/CourseRev/1。它是免费的!
欢迎你!：）
其他回答
您可以使用不同的HTML解析器(如lxml或Beautiful Soup)——它提供只提取文本的函数。或者，您可以在行字符串上运行一个regex来删除标记。请参阅Python文档了解更多信息。
2020年更新
使用Mozilla Bleach库，它确实允许您自定义保留哪些标记和保留哪些属性，并且还可以根据值过滤属性
这里有两个例子来说明
1)不允许任何HTML标签或属性
获取原始文本样本
raw_text = """
<p><img width="696" height="392" src="https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-768x432.jpg" class="attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-post-image" alt="Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC" style="float:left; margin:0 15px 15px 0;" srcset="https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-300x169.jpg 300w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-696x392.jpg 696w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-747x420.jpg 747w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-190x107.jpg 190w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-380x214.jpg 380w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-760x428.jpg 760w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px" />Cryptocurrency exchange Okex reveals it suffered the $5.6 million loss as a result of the double-spend carried out by the attacker(s) in Ethereum Classic 51% attack. Okex says it fully absorbed the loss as per its user-protection policy while insisting that the attack did not cause any loss to the platform’s users. Also as part […]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://news.bitcoin.com/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc/">Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://news.bitcoin.com">Bitcoin News</a>.</p>
"""
2)从原始文本中删除所有HTML标签和属性
# DO NOT ALLOW any tags or any attributes
from bleach.sanitizer import Cleaner
cleaner = Cleaner(tags=[], attributes={}, styles=[], protocols=[], strip=True, strip_comments=True, filters=None)
print(cleaner.clean(raw_text))
输出
Cryptocurrency exchange Okex reveals it suffered the $5.6 million loss as a result of the double-spend carried out by the attacker(s) in Ethereum Classic 51% attack. Okex says it fully absorbed the loss as per its user-protection policy while insisting that the attack did not cause any loss to the platform’s users. Also as part […]
The post Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC appeared first on Bitcoin News.
3只允许带有srcset属性的img标签
from bleach.sanitizer import Cleaner
# ALLOW ONLY img tags with src attribute
cleaner = Cleaner(tags=['img'], attributes={'img': ['srcset']}, styles=[], protocols=[], strip=True, strip_comments=True, filters=None)
print(cleaner.clean(raw_text))
输出
<img srcset="https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-768x432.jpg 768w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-300x169.jpg 300w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-696x392.jpg 696w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-1068x601.jpg 1068w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-747x420.jpg 747w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-190x107.jpg 190w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-380x214.jpg 380w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc-760x428.jpg 760w, https://news.bitcoin.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/ethereum-classic-51-attack-okex-crypto-exchange-suffers-5-6-million-loss-contemplates-delisting-etc.jpg 1280w">Cryptocurrency exchange Okex reveals it suffered the $5.6 million loss as a result of the double-spend carried out by the attacker(s) in Ethereum Classic 51% attack. Okex says it fully absorbed the loss as per its user-protection policy while insisting that the attack did not cause any loss to the platform’s users. Also as part […]
The post Ethereum Classic 51% Attack: Okex Crypto Exchange Suffers $5.6 Million Loss, Contemplates Delisting ETC appeared first on Bitcoin News.
如果您需要剥离HTML标记来进行文本处理，那么一个简单的正则表达式就可以了。如果您希望清除用户生成的HTML以防止XSS攻击，请不要使用此方法。删除所有<script>标签或跟踪<img>s不是一个安全的方法。下面的正则表达式将相当可靠地剥离大多数HTML标记:
import re
re.sub('<[^<]+?>', '', text)
对于那些不理解regex的人来说，这将搜索字符串<…>，其中内部内容由一个或多个不是<的(+)字符组成。的吗?意味着它将匹配它能找到的最小字符串。例如，给定<p>Hello</p>，它将分别用?匹配<'p>和</p>。没有它，它将匹配整个字符串<..Hello..>。
如果非标签<出现在html(例如。2 < 3)，它应该被写成转义序列&…总之，^<可能是不必要的。
import re
def remove(text):
clean = re.compile('<.*?>')
return re.sub(clean, '', text)
短版!
import re, html
tag_re = re.compile(r'(<!--.*?-->|<[^>]*>)')
# Remove well-formed tags, fixing mistakes by legitimate users
no_tags = tag_re.sub('', user_input)
# Clean up anything else by escaping
ready_for_web = html.escape(no_tags)
Regex来源:MarkupSafe。他们的版本也处理HTML实体，而这个快速的版本不能。
为什么我不能把标签撕掉，然后留下?
这是一件事，让人们远离<i>斜体</i>的东西，而不留下浮动。但任意输入并使其完全无害是另一回事。本页上的大多数技术都将保留未关闭的注释(<!——)和不是标签一部分的尖括号(blah <<<><blah)。HTMLParser版本甚至可以保留完整的标记，如果它们在未关闭的注释中。
如果你的模板是{{firstname}} {{lastname}}呢?Firstname = '<a' and lastname = 'href="http://evil。example/">'将被该页上的每个标签剥离器通过(除了@Medeiros!)，因为它们本身不是完整的标签。除去普通的HTML标记是不够的。
Django的strip_tags是这个问题顶部答案的改进版本(见下一个标题)，给出了以下警告:
绝对不能保证得到的字符串是HTML安全的。因此，永远不要在没有转义的情况下将strip_tags调用的结果标记为安全，例如使用escape()。
听从他们的建议!
要用HTMLParser去除标签，你必须运行它多次。
绕过这个问题最上面的答案很容易。
看看这个字符串(来源和讨论):
<img<!-- --> src=x onerror=alert(1);//><!-- -->
HTMLParser第一次看到它时，它不能告诉<img…>是一个标签。它看起来坏了，所以HTMLParser不会去掉它。它只去掉<!——评论——>，留给你
<img src=x onerror=alert(1);//>
这个问题是在2014年3月向Django项目披露的。他们的旧strip_tags本质上与这个问题的顶部答案相同。他们的新版本基本上是在循环中运行它，直到再次运行它不会改变字符串:
# _strip_once runs HTMLParser once, pulling out just the text of all the nodes.
def strip_tags(value):
"""Returns the given HTML with all tags stripped."""
# Note: in typical case this loop executes _strip_once once. Loop condition
# is redundant, but helps to reduce number of executions of _strip_once.
while '<' in value and '>' in value:
new_value = _strip_once(value)
if len(new_value) >= len(value):
# _strip_once was not able to detect more tags
break
value = new_value
return value
当然，如果总是转义strip_tags()的结果，这些都不是问题。
2015年3月19日更新:在1.4.20、1.6.11、1.7.7和1.8c1之前的Django版本中有一个错误。这些版本可以在strip_tags()函数中进入一个无限循环。固定版本见上文。详情请点击这里。
好的东西可以复制或使用
我的示例代码不处理HTML实体——Django和MarkupSafe的打包版本可以。
我的示例代码摘自用于防止跨站点脚本编写的优秀MarkupSafe库。它既方便又快速(C会加速到原生Python版本)。它包含在谷歌应用程序引擎中，并被Jinja2(2.7及以上)，Mako, Pylons等使用。它可以很容易地与Django 1.7的模板一起工作。
Django最新版本的strip_tags和其他HTML实用程序都不错，但我发现它们不如MarkupSafe方便。它们非常独立，你可以从这个文件中复制你需要的东西。
如果你需要去除几乎所有的标签，Bleach库是很好的选择。你可以让它强制执行这样的规则:“我的用户可以用斜体，但他们不能创建iframe。”
了解标签剥离器的属性!对它进行绒毛测试!这是我用来研究这个答案的代码。
这个问题本身是关于打印到控制台的，但这是“python从字符串中剥离HTML”的排名第一的谷歌结果，所以这就是为什么这个答案99%是关于web的。
