对于Ubuntu 20.04.4 LTS上的MariaDB 10.5 (Focal Fossa):

# The MariaDB configuration file
#
# The MariaDB/MySQL tools read configuration files in the following order:
# 0. "/etc/mysql/my.cnf" symlinks to this file, reason why all the rest is read.
# 1. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.cnf" (this file) to set global defaults,
# 2. "/etc/mysql/conf.d/*.cnf" to set global options.
# 3. "/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/*.cnf" to set MariaDB-only options.
# 4. "~/.my.cnf" to set user-specific options.
#
# If the same option is defined multiple times, the last one will apply.

默认情况下，mysql首先在/etc文件夹中搜索my.cnf。如果该文件夹中没有/etc/my.cnf文件，我建议您根据文档(https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.6/en/option-files.html)在该文件夹中创建一个新的文件。

您也可以搜索mysql安装提供的现有my.cnf。您可以启动以下命令

sudo find / -name "*.cnf"

你可以使用以下配置文件myisam表和没有innodb mysql支持(从端口安装mysql在mac os x maverick)。请验证此配置文件中的每个命令。

# Example MySQL config file for large systems.
#
# This is for a large system with memory = 512M where the system runs mainly
# MySQL.
#
# MySQL programs look for option files in a set of
# locations which depend on the deployment platform.
# You can copy this option file to one of those
# locations. For information about these locations, see:
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/option-files.html
#
# In this file, you can use all long options that a program supports.
# If you want to know which options a program supports, run the program
# with the "--help" option.

# The following options will be passed to all MySQL clients
[client]
#password   = your_password
port        = 3306
socket      = /opt/local/var/run/mysql5/mysqld.sock

# Here follows entries for some specific programs

# The MySQL server
[mysqld]
port        = 3306
socket      = /opt/local/var/run/mysql5/mysqld.sock
skip-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 256
sort_buffer_size = 1M
read_buffer_size = 1M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M
thread_cache_size = 8
query_cache_size= 16M
# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
thread_concurrency = 8

# Don't listen on a TCP/IP port at all. This can be a security enhancement,
# if all processes that need to connect to mysqld run on the same host.
# All interaction with mysqld must be made via Unix sockets or named pipes.
# Note that using this option without enabling named pipes on Windows
# (via the "enable-named-pipe" option) will render mysqld useless!
# 
#skip-networking

# Replication Master Server (default)
# binary logging is required for replication
log-bin=mysql-bin

# binary logging format - mixed recommended
binlog_format=mixed

# required unique id between 1 and 2^32 - 1
# defaults to 1 if master-host is not set
# but will not function as a master if omitted
server-id   = 1

# Replication Slave (comment out master section to use this)
#
# To configure this host as a replication slave, you can choose between
# two methods :
#
# 1) Use the CHANGE MASTER TO command (fully described in our manual) -
#    the syntax is:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST=<host>, MASTER_PORT=<port>,
#    MASTER_USER=<user>, MASTER_PASSWORD=<password> ;
#
#    where you replace <host>, <user>, <password> by quoted strings and
#    <port> by the master's port number (3306 by default).
#
#    Example:
#
#    CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='125.564.12.1', MASTER_PORT=3306,
#    MASTER_USER='joe', MASTER_PASSWORD='secret';
#
# OR
#
# 2) Set the variables below. However, in case you choose this method, then
#    start replication for the first time (even unsuccessfully, for example
#    if you mistyped the password in master-password and the slave fails to
#    connect), the slave will create a master.info file, and any later
#    change in this file to the variables' values below will be ignored and
#    overridden by the content of the master.info file, unless you shutdown
#    the slave server, delete master.info and restart the slaver server.
#    For that reason, you may want to leave the lines below untouched
#    (commented) and instead use CHANGE MASTER TO (see above)
#
# required unique id between 2 and 2^32 - 1
# (and different from the master)
# defaults to 2 if master-host is set
# but will not function as a slave if omitted
#server-id       = 2
#
# The replication master for this slave - required
#master-host     =   <hostname>
#
# The username the slave will use for authentication when connecting
# to the master - required
#master-user     =   <username>
#
# The password the slave will authenticate with when connecting to
# the master - required
#master-password =   <password>
#
# The port the master is listening on.
# optional - defaults to 3306
#master-port     =  <port>
#
# binary logging - not required for slaves, but recommended
#log-bin=mysql-bin

# Uncomment the following if you are using InnoDB tables
#innodb_data_home_dir = /opt/local/var/db/mysql5
#innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:10M:autoextend
#innodb_log_group_home_dir = /opt/local/var/db/mysql5
# You can set .._buffer_pool_size up to 50 - 80 %
# of RAM but beware of setting memory usage too high
#innodb_buffer_pool_size = 256M
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 20M
# Set .._log_file_size to 25 % of buffer pool size
#innodb_log_file_size = 64M
#innodb_log_buffer_size = 8M
#innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 1
#innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 50

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 16M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
# Remove the next comment character if you are not familiar with SQL
#safe-updates

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 128M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

你可以在终端上运行查找。

find / -name my.cnf

请注意，尽管mariadDB从其他答案中列出的各种my.cnf文件加载配置详细信息，但它也可以从其他具有不同名称的文件加载配置详细信息。

这意味着如果您对my.cnf文件中的一个进行了更改，它可能会被另一个具有不同名称的文件覆盖。要使更改生效，您需要在正确的(最后加载的)配置文件中更改它-或者，可能在所有配置文件中更改它。

那么如何找到所有可能加载的配置文件呢?不要寻找my.cnf文件，试着运行:

grep -r datadir /etc/mysql/

这将找到所有提到datadir的地方。在我的例子中，它产生了这样的答案:

/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf:datadir     = /var/lib/mysql 

当我编辑该文件(/etc/mysql/mariadb.conf.d/50-server.cnf)来更改datadir的值时，它起作用了，而在my.cnf中更改它不起作用。所以无论你想改变什么选择，试着用这种方式来寻找。

我安装xampp bundle与apache, php和mysql在ubuntu。my.cnf文件位于/opt/lampp/etc/文件夹中。希望它能帮助到一些人。

没有MySQL内部命令来跟踪这一点，这有点太抽象了。该文件可能位于5个(或更多)位置，并且它们都是有效的，因为它们加载级联。

/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf $ MYSQL_HOME / my.cnf [datadir]。/ my . cnf中所做 ~ / .my.cnf

这些是MySQL查看的默认位置。如果它发现不止一个，它将加载它们中的每一个&值相互覆盖(在列出的顺序，我认为)。此外，——defaults-file参数可以覆盖整个内容，所以…基本上，这是一件非常痛苦的事。

但由于它太令人困惑，很有可能它只是在/etc/my.cnf.中

(如果你只是想看值:SHOW VARIABLES，但你需要权限这样做。)

运行mysql——help，你会看到:

默认选项按照指定顺序从以下文件中读取:/etc/my.cnf /etc/mysql/my.cnf ~/.my.cnf