In Python, "privacy" depends on "consenting adults'" levels of agreement - you can't force it (any more than you can in real life;-). A single leading underscore means you're not supposed to access it "from the outside" -- two leading underscores (w/o trailing underscores) carry the message even more forcefully... but, in the end, it still depends on social convention and consensus: Python's introspection is forceful enough that you can't handcuff every other programmer in the world to respect your wishes.

((顺便说一下，虽然这是一个严格保密的秘密，但对于c++来说也是如此:在大多数编译器中，在#包括你的.h文件之前，一个简单的#define private public line就可以让狡猾的编码器对你的“隐私”进行散列…!-))

Python有三种模式via。当导入一个模块时，只有public模式是可访问的。因此private和protected模块不能从模块外部调用，即当它被导入时。

嵌入闭包或函数是一种方法。这在JS中很常见，但对于非浏览器平台或浏览器worker来说不是必需的。

在Python中，这似乎有点奇怪，但如果确实需要隐藏一些东西，那可能是一种方法。更重要的是，使用python API并将需要隐藏在C(或其他语言)中的内容可能是最好的方法。如果做不到这一点，我会把代码放在一个函数中，调用它，让它返回你想要导出的项。

抱歉我回答晚了，但是在一个模块中，你可以像这样定义包来“导出”:

mymodule
  __init__.py
  library.py
main.py

我的模块/库.py

# 'private' function
def _hello(name):
    return f"Hello {name}!"

# 'public' function which is supposed to be used instead of _hello
def hello():
    name = input('name: ')
    print(_hello(name))

mymodule里/ __init__ . py

# only imports certain functions from library
from .library import hello

main.py

import mymodule
mymodule.hello()

尽管如此，函数仍然可以被访问，

from mymodule.library import _hello
print(_hello('world'))

但这种方法使其不那么明显

见PEP8指南:

方法名称和实例变量

Use the function naming rules: lowercase with words separated by underscores as necessary to improve readability. Use one leading underscore only for non-public methods and instance variables. To avoid name clashes with subclasses, use two leading underscores to invoke Python’s name mangling rules. Python mangles these names with the class name: if class Foo has an attribute named __a, it cannot be accessed by Foo.__a. (An insistent user could still gain access by calling Foo._Foo__a.) Generally, double leading underscores should be used only to avoid name conflicts with attributes in classes designed to be subclassed.

为传承而设计

Always decide whether a class’s methods and instance variables (collectively: “attributes”) should be public or non-public. If in doubt, choose non-public; it’s easier to make it public later than to make a public attribute non-public. Public attributes are those that you expect unrelated clients of your class to use, with your commitment to avoid backwards incompatible changes. Non-public attributes are those that are not intended to be used by third parties; you make no guarantees that non-public attributes won’t change or even be removed. We don’t use the term “private” here, since no attribute is really private in Python (without a generally unnecessary amount of work).

这是一个古老的问题，但是模块私有(一个下划线)和类私有(两个下划线)被破坏的变量现在都包含在标准文档中:

Python教程»类»私有变量