这可能是一个愚蠢的问题,但是在Java中从URL读取和解析JSON的最简单的方法是什么?
在Groovy中,这只是几行代码的问题。我发现Java示例长得离谱(并且有巨大的异常处理块)。
我所要做的就是阅读这个链接的内容。
这可能是一个愚蠢的问题,但是在Java中从URL读取和解析JSON的最简单的方法是什么?
在Groovy中,这只是几行代码的问题。我发现Java示例长得离谱(并且有巨大的异常处理块)。
我所要做的就是阅读这个链接的内容。
当前回答
我发现这是迄今为止最简单的方法。
使用这个方法:
public static String getJSON(String url) {
HttpsURLConnection con = null;
try {
URL u = new URL(url);
con = (HttpsURLConnection) u.openConnection();
con.connect();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
br.close();
return sb.toString();
} catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (con != null) {
try {
con.disconnect();
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
像这样使用它:
String json = getJSON(url);
JSONObject obj;
try {
obj = new JSONObject(json);
JSONArray results_arr = obj.getJSONArray("results");
final int n = results_arr.length();
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
// get the place id of each object in JSON (Google Search API)
String place_id = results_arr.getJSONObject(i).getString("place_id");
}
}
其他回答
我发现这是迄今为止最简单的方法。
使用这个方法:
public static String getJSON(String url) {
HttpsURLConnection con = null;
try {
URL u = new URL(url);
con = (HttpsURLConnection) u.openConnection();
con.connect();
BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(con.getInputStream()));
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
String line;
while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
sb.append(line + "\n");
}
br.close();
return sb.toString();
} catch (MalformedURLException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
} finally {
if (con != null) {
try {
con.disconnect();
} catch (Exception ex) {
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
return null;
}
像这样使用它:
String json = getJSON(url);
JSONObject obj;
try {
obj = new JSONObject(json);
JSONArray results_arr = obj.getJSONArray("results");
final int n = results_arr.length();
for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) {
// get the place id of each object in JSON (Google Search API)
String place_id = results_arr.getJSONObject(i).getString("place_id");
}
}
使用Maven工件。我得到了以下代码,我认为这是相当短的。不是尽可能短,但仍然可用。
package so4308554;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.Reader;
import java.net.URL;
import java.nio.charset.Charset;
import org.json.JSONException;
import org.json.JSONObject;
public class JsonReader {
private static String readAll(Reader rd) throws IOException {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
int cp;
while ((cp = rd.read()) != -1) {
sb.append((char) cp);
}
return sb.toString();
}
public static JSONObject readJsonFromUrl(String url) throws IOException, JSONException {
InputStream is = new URL(url).openStream();
try {
BufferedReader rd = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is, Charset.forName("UTF-8")));
String jsonText = readAll(rd);
JSONObject json = new JSONObject(jsonText);
return json;
} finally {
is.close();
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, JSONException {
JSONObject json = readJsonFromUrl("https://graph.facebook.com/19292868552");
System.out.println(json.toString());
System.out.println(json.get("id"));
}
}
下面是如何解析Json内容的完整示例。该示例获取Android版本统计信息(从Android Studio源代码中找到,链接到这里)。
复制“发行版”。Json”文件,你从那里得到的res/raw,作为一个后备。
build.gradle
implementation 'com.google.code.gson:gson:2.8.6'
清单
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
MainActivity.kt
class MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun onCreate(savedInstanceState: Bundle?) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
if (savedInstanceState != null)
return
thread {
// https://cs.android.com/android/platform/superproject/+/studio-master-dev:tools/adt/idea/android/src/com/android/tools/idea/stats/DistributionService.java
var root: JsonArray
Log.d("AppLog", "loading...")
try {
HttpURLConnection.setFollowRedirects(true)
val statsUrl = "https://dl.google.com/android/studio/metadata/distributions.json" //just a string
val url = URL(statsUrl)
val request: HttpURLConnection = url.openConnection() as HttpURLConnection
request.connectTimeout = 3000
request.connect()
InputStreamReader(request.content as InputStream).use {
root = JsonParser.parseReader(it).asJsonArray
}
} catch (e: Exception) {
Log.d("AppLog", "error while loading from Internet, so using fallback")
e.printStackTrace()
InputStreamReader(resources.openRawResource(R.raw.distributions)).use {
root = JsonParser.parseReader(it).asJsonArray
}
}
val decimalFormat = DecimalFormat("0.00")
Log.d("AppLog", "result:")
root.forEach {
val androidVersionInfo = it.asJsonObject
val versionNickName = androidVersionInfo.get("name").asString
val versionName = androidVersionInfo.get("version").asString
val versionApiLevel = androidVersionInfo.get("apiLevel").asInt
val marketSharePercentage = androidVersionInfo.get("distributionPercentage").asFloat * 100f
Log.d("AppLog", "\"$versionNickName\" - $versionName - API$versionApiLevel - ${decimalFormat.format(marketSharePercentage)}%")
}
}
}
}
作为依赖项的替代,你也可以使用这个:
InputStreamReader(request.content as InputStream).use {
val jsonArray = JSONArray(it.readText())
}
还有备用方案:
InputStreamReader(resources.openRawResource(R.raw.distributions)).use {
val jsonArray = JSONArray(it.readText())
}
运行的结果:
loading...
result:
"Ice Cream Sandwich" - 4.0 - API15 - 0.20%
"Jelly Bean" - 4.1 - API16 - 0.60%
"Jelly Bean" - 4.2 - API17 - 0.80%
"Jelly Bean" - 4.3 - API18 - 0.30%
"KitKat" - 4.4 - API19 - 4.00%
"Lollipop" - 5.0 - API21 - 1.80%
"Lollipop" - 5.1 - API22 - 7.40%
"Marshmallow" - 6.0 - API23 - 11.20%
"Nougat" - 7.0 - API24 - 7.50%
"Nougat" - 7.1 - API25 - 5.40%
"Oreo" - 8.0 - API26 - 7.30%
"Oreo" - 8.1 - API27 - 14.00%
"Pie" - 9.0 - API28 - 31.30%
"Android 10" - 10.0 - API29 - 8.20%
以下是Jackson的几个替代版本(因为有不止一种方法你可能想要数据为):
ObjectMapper mapper = new ObjectMapper(); // just need one
// Got a Java class that data maps to nicely? If so:
FacebookGraph graph = mapper.readValue(url, FaceBookGraph.class);
// Or: if no class (and don't need one), just map to Map.class:
Map<String,Object> map = mapper.readValue(url, Map.class);
特别是通常(IMO)的情况下,你想要处理Java对象,可以做成一行:
FacebookGraph graph = new ObjectMapper().readValue(url, FaceBookGraph.class);
其他库,如Gson也支持单行方法;为什么很多例子都显示了更长的部分,这很奇怪。更糟糕的是,许多例子使用了过时的org。json库;它可能是首选,但有6个更好的选择,所以几乎没有理由使用它。
这很简单,使用jersey-client,只需要包含这个maven依赖:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.glassfish.jersey.core</groupId>
<artifactId>jersey-client</artifactId>
<version>2.25.1</version>
</dependency>
然后使用下面的例子调用它:
String json = ClientBuilder.newClient().target("http://api.coindesk.com/v1/bpi/currentprice.json").request().accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON).get(String.class);
然后使用谷歌的Gson来解析JSON:
Gson gson = new Gson();
Type gm = new TypeToken<CoinDeskMessage>() {}.getType();
CoinDeskMessage cdm = gson.fromJson(json, gm);