Java要求，如果在构造函数中调用this()或super()，它必须是第一条语句。为什么?
例如:
public class MyClass {
public MyClass(int x) {}
}
public class MySubClass extends MyClass {
public MySubClass(int a, int b) {
int c = a + b;
super(c); // COMPILE ERROR
}
}
Sun编译器说，调用super必须是构造函数中的第一条语句。Eclipse编译器说，构造函数调用必须是构造函数中的第一个语句。
然而，你可以通过稍微重新安排代码来解决这个问题:
public class MySubClass extends MyClass {
public MySubClass(int a, int b) {
super(a + b); // OK
}
}
下面是另一个例子:
public class MyClass {
public MyClass(List list) {}
}
public class MySubClassA extends MyClass {
public MySubClassA(Object item) {
// Create a list that contains the item, and pass the list to super
List list = new ArrayList();
list.add(item);
super(list); // COMPILE ERROR
}
}
public class MySubClassB extends MyClass {
public MySubClassB(Object item) {
// Create a list that contains the item, and pass the list to super
super(Arrays.asList(new Object[] { item })); // OK
}
}
因此，它不会阻止您在调用super()之前执行逻辑。它只是阻止您执行无法放入单个表达式中的逻辑。
调用this()也有类似的规则。编译器说，调用this必须是构造函数中的第一条语句。
为什么编译器有这些限制?你能给出一个代码例子，如果编译器没有这个限制，就会发生不好的事情吗?
在构造子对象之前，必须先创建父对象。
如你所知，当你这样写类时:
public MyClass {
public MyClass(String someArg) {
System.out.println(someArg);
}
}
它转向下一个(extend和super只是被隐藏了):
public MyClass extends Object{
public MyClass(String someArg) {
super();
System.out.println(someArg);
}
}
First we create an Object and then extend this object to MyClass. We can not create MyClass before the Object.
The simple rule is that parent's constructor has to be called before child constructor.
But we know that classes can have more that one constructor. Java allow us to choose a constructor which will be called (either it will be super() or super(yourArgs...)).
So, when you write super(yourArgs...) you redefine constructor which will be called to create a parent object. You can't execute other methods before super() because the object doesn't exist yet (but after super() an object will be created and you will be able to do anything you want).
So why then we cannot execute this() after any method?
As you know this() is the constructor of the current class. Also we can have different number of constructors in our class and call them like this() or this(yourArgs...). As I said every constructor has hidden method super(). When we write our custom super(yourArgs...) we remove super() with super(yourArgs...). Also when we define this() or this(yourArgs...) we also remove our super() in current constructor because if super() were with this() in the same method, it would create more then one parent object.
That is why the same rules imposed for this() method. It just retransmits parent object creation to another child constructor and that constructor calls super() constructor for parent creation.
So, the code will be like this in fact:
public MyClass extends Object{
public MyClass(int a) {
super();
System.out.println(a);
}
public MyClass(int a, int b) {
this(a);
System.out.println(b);
}
}
正如其他人所说，你可以这样执行代码:
this(a+b);
你也可以像这样执行代码:
public MyClass(int a, SomeObject someObject) {
this(someObject.add(a+5));
}
但是你不能像这样执行代码，因为你的方法还不存在:
public MyClass extends Object{
public MyClass(int a) {
}
public MyClass(int a, int b) {
this(add(a, b));
}
public int add(int a, int b){
return a+b;
}
}
此外，在this()方法链中必须有super()构造函数。你不能像这样创建一个对象:
public MyClass{
public MyClass(int a) {
this(a, 5);
}
public MyClass(int a, int b) {
this(a);
}
}
父类的构造函数需要在子类的构造函数之前调用。这将确保如果在构造函数中调用父类上的任何方法，父类已经正确设置。
你要做的是，将参数传递给超级构造函数是完全合法的，你只需要像你所做的那样内联构造这些参数，或者将它们传递给你的构造函数，然后将它们传递给super:
public MySubClassB extends MyClass {
public MySubClassB(Object[] myArray) {
super(myArray);
}
}
如果编译器没有强制执行，你可以这样做:
public MySubClassB extends MyClass {
public MySubClassB(Object[] myArray) {
someMethodOnSuper(); //ERROR super not yet constructed
super(myArray);
}
}
在父类有默认构造函数的情况下，编译器会自动插入对super的调用。由于Java中的每个类都继承自Object，所以必须以某种方式调用Object的构造函数，并且必须首先执行它。编译器可以自动插入super()。强制super首先出现，强制构造函数主体以正确的顺序执行，即:Object -> Parent -> Child -> ChildOfChild -> SoOnSoForth
